Research and analysis

Monkeypox outbreak: epidemiological overview, 21 June 2022

Updated 12 December 2024

Monkeypox is a zoonotic infection, caused by the monkeypox virus, that occurs mostly in West and Central Africa. Previous cases in the UK had been either imported from countries where monkeypox is endemic or contacts with documented epidemiological links to imported cases.

Between 2018 and 2021, there had been 7 cases of monkeypox in the UK. Of these, 4 were imported, 2 were cases in household contacts, and 1 was a case in a health care worker involved in the care of an imported case.

There was no documented community transmission in previous outbreaks.

Current epidemiological situation

This is as of 20 June 2022.

Cases of monkeypox infection were confirmed in England from 6 May 2022. The outbreak has mainly been in gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men without documented history of travel to endemic countries. Further details on the epidemiology are available in the monkeypox technical briefing.

Up to 20 June 2022 there were 793 laboratory confirmed cases in the UK. Of these, 18 were in Scotland, 3 were in Northern Ireland, 6 were in Wales and 766 were in England.

Table 1: Number of laboratory confirmed cases by UK nation of residence, 6 May to 20 June 2022

Devolved administrations Confirmed cases
England 766
Northern Ireland 3
Scotland 18
Wales 6
Total 793

A high proportion of England cases were known to be London residents (80%, 498 of 624 with reported home address). For confirmed cases in the UK, where gender information was available, 758 (99%) confirmed cases were male, with 5 confirmed female cases. The median age of confirmed cases in the UK was 37 years (interquartile range 31-43).

Table 2: Number of laboratory confirmed monkeypox cases by region of residence, England, 6 May to 20 June 2022

Region of residence Total confirmed
East of England 20
East Midlands 8
London 498
North East 5
North West 26
South East 37
South West 6
West Midlands 12
Yorkshire and Humber 12
Under investigation* 142
Total 766

*Address not yet confirmed

Data sources

Monkeypox surveillance data in England is currently compiled daily, based on monkeypox virus test results from the Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory (RIPL) in UKHSA. This is combined with case information recorded by local Health Protection teams in the UKHSA national case management system.

Counts of confirmed cases in Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland are submitted to UKHSA by Public Health Wales, Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, and Public Health Scotland respectively.

Information about this publication

This update is currently published on Tuesdays and Fridays, using data extracted by 9.30am on Mondays and Thursdays. As of 21 June 2022, this report replaces the news stories previously published 3 times a week.

These figures are used for official reporting of monkeypox confirmed case counts in the UK.

England counts may differ from those published in the Notifications of infectious diseases (NOIDs) causative agents weekly report. This is due to differences in timings of when the data is compiled and differences in processing of duplicate data (for example, if a person has tested more than once but insufficient information is provided to identify them).

Additional resources

Monkeypox technical briefings

Monkeypox: Case Definitions. Published: 20 May 2022; Updated: 24 May 2022

Monkeypox contact tracing guidance: classification of contacts and advice for vaccination and follow up. Published: 20 May 2022

Contact

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