Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 11 (week ending 17 March 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory Notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous five.

Week notification received 2024/06 2024/07 2024/08 2024/09 2024/10 2024/11
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus 1 - - - 1 1
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 14 17 10 17 17 17
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 111 72 94 120 93 132
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 12 11 12 12 13 8
Borrelia sp 2 2 1 2 4 2
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - 1 - - - -
Brucella sp 1 - - 3 - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 17 17 18 17 20 18
Campylobacter fetus - 2 - - - 1
Campylobacter hyointestinalis - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter jejuni 207 218 225 234 217 235
Campylobacter other named 1 1 2 - 1 1
Campylobacter sp 863 710 809 761 785 909
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 1 - 1 - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 1 2 - 1 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 40 30 32 31 35 47
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 236 251 177 234 152 177
Human coronavirus 229e 3 - 3 - 6 2
Human coronavirus hku1 3 4 3 2 2 1
SARS coronavirus - - - - - 2
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 131 120 134 132 159 191
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 2 4 2 - 2 -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 3,966 2,500 1,782 1,310 1,219 1,520
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 68 71 40 38 31 40
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 36 17 11 16 47 56
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 151 133 91 160 311 353
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 34 37 51 7 3,540 25
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 117 79 122 40 693 114
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 3 4 3 - 4
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 2 - - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 1 9 9 15 13 4
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - - 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 3 10 8 26 46 21
Cryptosporidium sp 51 30 17 24 38 55
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 2 2 1 1 2
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 4 6 6 14 5 4
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 3 9 10 5 7 6
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 62 92 71 80 82 87
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 22 21 14 26 21 18
Hepatitis B 375 390 402 338 342 346
Hepatitis C 239 269 278 266 216 245
Hepatitis D 11 10 9 4 11 11
Hepatitis E 35 36 32 41 21 35
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 4,796 3,655 2,554 2,052 1,929 2,100
Influenza B 383 386 367 343 400 541
Influenza indeterminate - 6 8 7 - 10
Influenza ungrouped 284 74 114 51 38 51
Legionella            
Legionella pneumophila 4 1 5 1 3 4
Legionella sp - 1 1 6 3 3
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - 1 - - - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 10 11 2 2 5 5
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 84 84 72 88 61 64
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 31 16 24 23 21 38
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 4 2 3 1 4 1
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 48 47 59 57 42 61
Mumps virus 11 11 10 12 10 12
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - - 23 1 - -
Plasmodium ovale - - 3 - - -
Plasmodium vivax - - 1 - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 38 47 66 55 38 53
Polyomavirus JC 6 5 14 2 4 5
Polyomavirus untyped 12 16 22 6 11 16
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - - - - 1 -
Rickettsia spotted fever - - 1 - 1 -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - 1 - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 1 3 2 3 5
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 32 55 57 59 34 12
Salmonella anatum - - 5 - - -
Salmonella chester - - 6 - - -
Salmonella enterica - - - 6 - -
Salmonella enteritidis 34 25 24 33 13 6
Salmonella java - - 6 - - -
Salmonella newport 5 - - - - -
Salmonella sp 16 16 11 20 60 117
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 19 10 15 15 22 19
Salmonella typhimurium 22 24 24 28 13 5
Salmonella enterica - 5 - - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 2 1 3 - 3 1
Shigella dysenteriae - 2 2 - 1 -
Shigella flexneri 23 15 14 15 10 12
Shigella sonnei 35 21 21 32 19 18
Shigella sp 48 50 55 62 52 68
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 82 77 85 72 79 73
Streptococcus pneumoniae 190 178 152 138 130 151
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - - - 2 1 -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/06 2024/07 2024/08 2024/09 2024/10 2024/11
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - - 1 - - -
  KPC 1 - 1 - - -
  NDM - 2 - 2 1 1
  OXA48 3 - 1 1 2 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 2 - - 1 2
  KPC 5 5 4 6 6 2
  NDM 3 3 8 10 2 2
  OXA48 3 5 6 5 4 4
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other 1 1 - 1 - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - - - - 1 -
  KPC - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - 1 1 - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 1 1 - - - -
  KPC 4 5 2 1 3 -
  NDM 11 18 7 16 12 3
  OXA48 17 14 23 15 10 7
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other 3 1 1 3 2 1
Escherichia hermannii KPC - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes KPC - 1 - - - -
  NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - 1 1 - - -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 2 4 3 4 4 1
  NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 - 1 2 2 - -
  VIM - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - 2 - - 1 1
  KPC 6 9 4 4 5 1
  NDM 11 8 8 6 5 1
  OXA48 15 8 16 15 8 -
  VIM 1 1 1 - - -
  Other 1 1 1 1 2 1
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - 1 - 1 -
  NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - 1 1 - -
  NDM - 1 - - - -
  Other - 1 1 - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii NDM - - - 1 - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - - 1 1 - 1
  OXA48 - - - 2 - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  Other 1 - - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/06 2024/07 2024/08 2024/09 2024/10 2024/11
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 2 - 1 2 - 1
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM 1 1 1 - - -
  VIM - - - - - 1
  Other 2 3 - 3 1 -
Other              
  NDM - - 1 - - -