Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 19 (week ending 12 May 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/14 2024/15 2024/16 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - - - - 1 -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 15 16 12 23 12 17
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 210 199 221 245 250 151
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 9 17 8 20 13 13
Borrelia other named - - - - 1 -
Borrelia sp 1 2 1 3 2 2
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - 1 1 - -
Brucella sp - 1 1 1 - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 28 35 35 49 44 39
Campylobacter fetus - 2 - - - -
Campylobacter gracilis - 2 - - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 235 256 279 260 297 199
Campylobacter lari 2 1 - - 1 -
Campylobacter other named 1 - 1 1 - 2
Campylobacter rectus - - - - 2 1
Campylobacter sp 685 920 966 1,011 1,058 950
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - 2 - - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 2 2 1 2 2
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 37 50 38 34 34 33
Clostridium tetani - - 1 - - -
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 113 90 78 81 75 92
Human coronavirus 229e - 1 2 1 - -
Human coronavirus hku1 - - 2 - - -
SARS coronavirus - - - 1 - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 111 107 122 96 131 109
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - - 5 - - -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,260 1,298 1,308 1,692 2,079 2,521
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 38 42 27 29 29 49
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 8 17 12 26 20 21
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 63 119 122 152 155 156
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 7 25 12 10 4 7
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 20 73 35 37 38 41
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 2 2 1 - 2
Corynebacterium ulcerans - - - - 1 1
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii 2 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus - 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium felis 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 12 23 12 12 13 1
Cryptosporidium parvum 60 164 163 167 110 21
Cryptosporidium sp 24 56 83 99 76 129
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - - 1 - - -
Ebola virus            
Ebola virus 1 - - - - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica - 1 - 1 - 3
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 4 4 12 7 7 8
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 8 6 6 4 9 -
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 57 70 78 71 66 63
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 17 11 15 11 22 9
Hepatitis B 267 289 366 373 355 298
Hepatitis C 177 252 239 251 223 193
Hepatitis D 7 5 8 7 10 13
Hepatitis E 28 36 37 30 28 31
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 984 612 365 349 357 281
Influenza B 417 292 152 219 229 215
Influenza indeterminate 3 2 - 1 - -
Influenza ungrouped 24 14 8 3 8 5
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - - - 1 -
Legionella other named - - - - 1 -
Legionella pneumophila 7 11 3 2 2 5
Legionella sp - 4 3 1 2 4
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - 1 - - 1 -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 5 4 2 5 3 5
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 88 97 93 86 93 84
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 18 31 31 29 29 25
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 4 10 4 5 2 3
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 60 87 74 61 56 69
Mumps virus 12 17 4 13 7 2
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 1 7 1 - - -
Plasmodium malariae - - 1 - - -
Plasmodium ovale - 1 - - - -
Plasmodium vivax - 1 - - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 35 51 58 41 34 46
Polyomavirus JC 3 4 4 4 5 2
Polyomavirus untyped 11 14 12 20 15 23
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - - 1 - - -
Rickettsia spotted fever 1 - 1 - - 1
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - - - 1 -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 5 3 3 2 1 1
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 42 59 67 56 31 21
Salmonella bareilly - 5 - - - -
Salmonella chester - 5 - - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 25 36 55 50 17 9
Salmonella java - - - 5 - -
Salmonella newport 6 5 - 7 - -
Salmonella saint-paul - - 5 - - -
Salmonella sp 12 33 27 30 108 122
Salmonella stanley 6 - 9 6 - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 23 13 18 13 20 21
Salmonella typhimurium 25 28 29 30 13 10
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 2 1 2 - 3 1
Shigella dysenteriae - - - - 1 -
Shigella flexneri 13 18 25 17 14 11
Shigella sonnei 17 15 18 26 15 14
Shigella sp 44 52 50 69 71 67
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 84 80 80 87 73 75
Streptococcus pneumoniae 141 154 127 123 110 126
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - 3 - 1 1 1
Yersinia            
Yersinia pestis - - - - - 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/14 2024/15 2024/16 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 1 - 1 - -
  KPC 1 2 1 1 1 -
  NDM 1 1 2 1 3 1
  OXA48 - 1 2 1 2 -
  VIM - 1 - - - -
Cronobacter              
Cronobacter sakazakii KPC 1 - - - - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 1 3 3 2 1 -
  KPC 1 8 2 3 3 2
  NDM 5 10 13 2 6 1
  OXA48 3 4 3 2 3 1
  VIM - - 1 1 - -
  Other - 3 1 - 1 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 3 2 2 - 1 -
  KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM 1 1 6 2 2 -
  OXA48 - - 3 1 - -
  VIM 1 - 1 - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - - 3 1 - 1
  KPC 3 4 1 3 2 1
  NDM 23 34 18 24 25 9
  OXA48 19 18 21 19 24 10
  Other 2 2 2 1 2 1
Escherichia hermannii VIM 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes Other - - - - 1 -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 7 - 3 1 2 1
  NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 1 2 1 - 2
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 - 2 2 1 -
  KPC 11 13 10 12 11 7
  NDM 13 10 9 9 11 6
  OXA48 13 11 15 8 14 1
  VIM - 2 1 1 - -
  Other - 2 2 1 - -
Other klebsiella spp KPC 1 - - - - -
  NDM 1 1 - - - -
  OXA48 1 1 - - - -
  VIM 1 - - - - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - - 1 - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - 1 -
Providencia              
Providencia rettgeri (proteus rettgeri) NDM - - - - - 1
Providencia stuartii NDM 1 - - - - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella ornithinolytica NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Salmonella              
Salmonella spp NDM - - 1 - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica IMP 1 - - - - -
  KPC 1 - - - - -
  NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Other serratia spp NDM - - - - - 1

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

Week notification received 2024/14 2024/15 2024/16 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - - 1 - - 1
  Other - - 1 - - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - - 1 - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM 2 1 - 2 - -
  VIM 1 2 - - - -
  Other 1 1 2 1 - 1
Other              
  NDM 1 - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
  Other - 1 - - 1 -

For all carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.