Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 20 (week ending 19 May 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory Notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5

Week notification received 2024/15 2024/16 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus - - - 1 - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 16 12 23 12 17 25
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 200 223 245 250 153 154
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 17 8 20 13 13 10
Borrelia other named - - - 1 - -
Borrelia sp 2 1 3 2 2 2
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - 1 1 - - -
Brucella sp 1 1 1 - - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 35 35 49 44 42 34
Campylobacter fetus 2 - - - - -
Campylobacter gracilis 2 - - - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 256 279 261 297 234 316
Campylobacter lari 1 - - 1 - 1
Campylobacter other named - 1 1 - 2 4
Campylobacter rectus - - - 2 1 1
Campylobacter sp 920 966 1,010 1,058 914 1,422
Campylobacter upsaliensis - 2 - - - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 2 2 2 2 2 2
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 50 38 34 34 34 27
Clostridium tetani - 1 - - - -
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 91 80 81 75 92 81
Human coronavirus 229e 1 2 1 - - -
Human coronavirus hku1 - 2 - - - 1
SARS coronavirus - - 1 - - 1
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 107 122 96 131 109 90
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - 5 - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,298 1,307 1,688 2,074 2,493 2,114
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 42 27 29 29 48 44
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 17 12 26 20 21 17
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 119 122 152 155 156 155
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 25 12 10 4 7 11
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 73 35 37 38 41 53
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 2 2 1 - 2 2
Corynebacterium ulcerans - - - 1 1 -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 23 12 12 14 11 8
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - - 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 164 163 171 123 76 31
Cryptosporidium sp 56 83 95 63 64 147
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - 1 - - - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 - 1 - 2 2
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 5 12 7 7 8 15
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 7 5 4 9 - 13
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 70 78 71 66 64 69
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 11 15 11 23 8 27
Hepatitis B 289 369 373 361 320 314
Hepatitis C 252 239 251 223 199 250
Hepatitis D 5 8 7 10 13 6
Hepatitis E 36 38 30 28 31 24
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 612 365 349 357 281 217
Influenza B 292 152 219 229 217 170
Influenza indeterminate 2 - 1 - - 1
Influenza ungrouped 14 8 3 8 5 6
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - - 1 - -
Legionella other named - - - 1 - -
Legionella pneumophila 11 3 2 2 4 8
Legionella sp 4 3 1 2 4 5
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans 1 - - 1 - 1
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 4 2 5 3 5 1
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 97 93 88 96 87 80
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 31 31 29 29 25 29
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 10 4 5 2 3 5
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 87 74 61 56 69 74
Mumps virus 17 4 13 7 2 4
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 7 1 - - - 5
Plasmodium malariae - 1 - - - -
Plasmodium ovale 1 - - - - -
Plasmodium vivax 1 - - - - 2
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 51 58 41 34 46 71
Polyomavirus JC 4 4 4 5 2 13
Polyomavirus untyped 14 12 20 15 23 16
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - 1 - - - 1
Rickettsia spotted fever - 1 - - 1 -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - - 1 - 1
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 3 3 2 1 1 7
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 59 70 58 62 37 23
Salmonella agona - - - 5 - -
Salmonella bareilly 5 - - - - -
Salmonella chester 5 - - - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 36 57 55 33 13 9
Salmonella java - - 5 - - -
Salmonella newport 5 - 7 - - -
Salmonella poona - - - 5 - -
Salmonella saint-paul - 6 6 - - -
Salmonella sp 33 21 11 35 97 139
Salmonella stanley - 9 6 - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 13 18 13 20 24 24
Salmonella typhimurium 28 29 36 29 13 7
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 2 - 4 1 1
Shigella dysenteriae - - - 1 - -
Shigella flexneri 18 25 17 19 14 7
Shigella sonnei 15 18 27 16 16 20
Shigella sp 52 50 70 65 61 68
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 80 80 87 73 76 57
Streptococcus pneumoniae 154 127 124 110 127 129
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 3 - 1 1 1 -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/15 2024/16 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 - 1 - - -
  KPC 2 1 1 1 - 2
  NDM 1 2 1 3 2 1
  OXA48 1 2 1 2 - 1
  VIM 1 - - - 2 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 3 2 1 1 -
  KPC 8 2 3 3 2 1
  NDM 10 13 2 6 2 3
  OXA48 4 3 2 4 3 1
  VIM - 1 1 - - -
  Other 3 1 - 1 - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 2 2 - 1 - -
  KPC - 1 - - - -
  NDM 1 6 2 2 - -
  OXA48 - 3 1 - - -
  VIM - 1 - - - 1
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - 3 1 1 2 1
  KPC 4 1 3 2 2 1
  NDM 35 18 25 25 21 4
  OXA48 18 21 20 24 20 5
  Other 2 2 1 2 1 -
Escherichia vulneris NDM - - - - 1 -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 - - - - 1 -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP 1 - - - - -
  KPC - 3 1 2 2 2
  NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 1 2 1 - 2 1
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - 2 2 1 1 -
  KPC 13 11 12 12 16 1
  NDM 11 9 9 12 21 5
  OXA48 11 15 8 15 8 1
  VIM 2 1 1 - - -
  Other 2 2 1 - - 2
Other klebsiella spp NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - 1 - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - - 1 - 1 -
  OXA48 - 1 - 1 - -
Providencia              
Providencia rettgeri (proteus rettgeri) NDM - - - - 1 -
Raoultella              
Raoultella ornithinolytica NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Salmonella              
Salmonella spp NDM - 1 - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia spp NDM - - - - 1 -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/15 2024/16 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - 1 - - 2 1
  Other - 1 - - 1 -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - 1 - - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM 1 - 2 - - -
  VIM 2 - - - 1 -
  Other 1 2 1 - 1 1
Other pseudomonas spp Other - - - - 1 -
Other              
  NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
  Other 1 - - 1 - -