Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 21 (week ending 26 May 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/16 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20 2024/21
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - - 1 - - 1
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 12 23 12 17 25 20
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 224 247 253 154 166 140
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 8 20 13 13 10 13
Borrelia other named - - 1 - - -
Borrelia sp 1 3 2 2 2 1
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis 1 1 - - - -
Brucella sp 3 3 1 1 1 3
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 35 49 44 43 40 37
Campylobacter fetus - - - - - 1
Campylobacter jejuni 279 262 298 236 359 312
Campylobacter lari - - 1 - 1 1
Campylobacter other named 1 1 - 2 4 2
Campylobacter rectus - - 2 1 1 -
Campylobacter sp 968 1,011 1,059 913 1,375 1,334
Campylobacter upsaliensis 2 - - - - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 2 2 2 2 3 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 38 31 35 35 27 32
Clostridium tetani 1 - - - - -
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 80 82 75 92 80 73
Human coronavirus 229e 2 1 - - - 2
Human coronavirus hku1 2 - - - 1 -
SARS coronavirus - 1 - - 1 -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 122 96 131 109 90 98
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 5 - - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,307 1,688 2,076 2,462 2,080 1,817
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 27 29 29 48 44 59
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 12 26 20 21 17 14
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 122 152 155 156 154 144
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 12 10 4 7 11 13
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 35 37 38 41 53 71
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 2 1 - 2 2 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans - - 1 1 - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 12 13 15 14 20 1
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 165 171 132 81 94 37
Cryptosporidium sp 81 94 55 55 72 157
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum 1 - - - - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica - 1 - 1 2 -
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 12 7 7 8 19 9
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 5 4 9 - 13 4
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 78 71 66 65 69 58
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 15 11 23 8 29 20
Hepatitis B 369 374 361 321 318 321
Hepatitis C 239 250 223 200 263 285
Hepatitis D 8 7 10 13 6 10
Hepatitis E 38 30 28 32 24 24
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 364 348 358 269 195 142
Influenza B 151 219 229 204 152 88
Influenza indeterminate - 1 - - 1 -
Influenza ungrouped 8 3 8 5 6 -
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - 1 - - 1
Legionella other named - - 1 - - 1
Legionella pneumophila 3 2 2 4 4 4
Legionella sp 3 1 2 2 5 2
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - - 1 - 1 1
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 2 5 3 5 1 3
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 93 91 104 96 79 76
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 31 29 29 25 30 24
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 4 5 2 3 5 8
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 74 61 56 69 74 50
Mumps virus 4 13 7 2 4 3
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 1 - - - 5 -
Plasmodium malariae 1 - - - - -
Plasmodium vivax - - - - 2 1
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 58 41 34 46 71 49
Polyomavirus JC 4 4 5 2 13 6
Polyomavirus untyped 12 20 15 23 16 9
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii 1 - - - 1 -
Rickettsia spotted fever 1 - - 1 - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - 1 - 1 -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 7 2 1 - 7 3
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 70 58 67 64 38 23
Salmonella agona - - 5 - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 60 57 35 31 16 11
Salmonella java - 5 - - - -
Salmonella muenchen - - - 5 - -
Salmonella newport - 7 - 5 - -
Salmonella poona - - 5 - - -
Salmonella saint-paul 7 6 - - - -
Salmonella sp 20 9 19 28 109 161
Salmonella stanley 9 6 6 - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 18 14 20 25 26 9
Salmonella typhimurium 30 36 32 25 12 8
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 2 - 4 2 1 -
Shigella dysenteriae - - 2 - - -
Shigella flexneri 26 19 23 18 10 20
Shigella sonnei 18 28 18 17 27 19
Shigella sp 49 69 62 55 58 51
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 83 86 72 77 56 60
Streptococcus pneumoniae 127 123 110 127 129 85
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - 1 1 1 - -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/16 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20 2024/21
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - 1 - - - 1
  KPC 1 1 1 - 3 -
  NDM 2 1 3 1 2 -
  OXA48 2 1 2 - 2 -
  VIM - - - 2 - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 2 1 1 2 -
  KPC 2 4 3 2 3 4
  NDM 13 3 6 3 10 4
  OXA48 3 2 4 3 4 1
  VIM 1 1 - - - -
  Other 1 - 1 - 1 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 2 - 1 - 2 -
  KPC 1 - - - - -
  NDM 6 2 2 - 1 -
  OXA48 3 1 - - 1 -
  VIM 1 - - - 2 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 3 1 1 2 4 1
  KPC 1 3 2 2 1 1
  NDM 18 25 25 22 18 6
  OXA48 21 20 24 22 30 4
  Other 2 1 2 1 - -
Escherichia vulneris NDM - - - 1 - -
Other escherichia spp OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  Other - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - - 1 - - -
  KPC 3 1 2 2 2 -
  NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 2 1 - 3 2 2
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 2 1 1 - -
  KPC 11 12 12 16 12 5
  NDM 9 9 12 22 12 4
  OXA48 15 8 15 9 6 2
  VIM 1 1 - - 1 -
  Other 2 1 - - 3 -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - 1 - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 1 - - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - 1 - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 - 1 - - -
Providencia              
Providencia rettgeri (proteus rettgeri) NDM - - - 1 - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella ornithinolytica NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Salmonella              
Salmonella spp NDM 1 - - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - - - 1 -
Other serratia spp NDM - - - 1 - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/16 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20 2024/21
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 2 - - 2 2 -
  Other 2 - - 1 - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM 1 - - - - -
  Other - - - - 1 -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - - - 1 -
  NDM - 2 - - - -
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other 2 1 - 1 1 1
Other pseudomonas spp Other - - - 1 - -
Other              
  NDM - 1 - - - -
  Other - - 1 - - -