Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 22 (week ending 2 June 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20 2024/21 2024/22
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus - 1 - - 1 -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 23 12 17 25 20 19
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 247 253 154 167 150 152
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 20 15 13 10 13 44
Borrelia other named - 1 - - - -
Borrelia sp 3 2 2 2 1 13
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis 1 - - - - -
Brucella sp 3 1 1 1 3 -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 49 46 43 41 39 43
Campylobacter fetus - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter jejuni 269 300 239 364 365 360
Campylobacter lari - 1 - 1 2 -
Campylobacter other named 1 - 2 4 2 2
Campylobacter rectus - 2 1 1 - -
Campylobacter sp 1,017 1,071 922 1,384 1,300 1,291
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - - - - - 4
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 2 2 2 3 1 -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 31 35 35 27 32 38
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 82 75 92 80 73 42
Human coronavirus 229e 1 - - - 2 -
Human coronavirus hku1 - - - 1 - -
SARS coronavirus 1 - - 1 - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 96 131 109 90 98 97
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - - - - - 2
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,689 2,085 2,464 2,074 1,797 1,739
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 29 29 48 44 59 51
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 26 20 21 17 14 16
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 152 155 156 154 144 112
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 10 4 7 11 13 10
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 37 38 41 53 71 40
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 - 2 2 1 -
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 1 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 13 15 14 23 13 6
Cryptosporidium meleagridis 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 170 132 81 100 106 31
Cryptosporidium sp 94 55 55 63 76 69
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 - 1 1 - 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 7 7 8 21 12 15
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 4 9 - 14 4 1
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 71 66 65 69 59 63
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 11 23 8 29 20 16
Hepatitis B 376 366 326 324 343 294
Hepatitis C 251 228 200 263 306 241
Hepatitis D 7 10 13 6 10 12
Hepatitis E 30 28 32 24 25 27
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 348 359 269 195 143 118
Influenza B 219 229 204 152 88 60
Influenza indeterminate 1 - - 1 - 1
Influenza ungrouped 3 8 5 6 - 4
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - 1 - - 2 -
Legionella other named - 1 - - 1 -
Legionella pneumophila 2 2 4 4 4 9
Legionella sp 1 2 2 5 1 3
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - 1 - 1 1 -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 5 3 5 1 3 1
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 92 104 96 82 83 66
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 29 29 25 30 24 21
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 5 2 3 5 8 6
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 61 56 69 75 50 78
Mumps virus 13 7 2 4 3 7
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - - - 5 - -
Plasmodium vivax - - - 2 1 -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 41 34 46 71 49 35
Polyomavirus JC 4 5 2 13 6 9
Polyomavirus untyped 20 15 23 16 9 8
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - - - 1 - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - - 1 - - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - 1 - 1 - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 2 1 - 7 3 5
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 58 66 69 55 49 17
Salmonella agona - 5 - - - -
Salmonella enterica - - - - - 7
Salmonella enteritidis 57 35 34 37 28 14
Salmonella java 5 5 5 5 - -
Salmonella muenchen - - 5 - - -
Salmonella newport 7 - 5 5 5 6
Salmonella poona - 5 - - - -
Salmonella saint-paul 6 - - - - -
Salmonella sp 7 15 11 27 98 166
Salmonella stanley 6 6 - 5 - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 14 20 25 27 14 7
Salmonella typhimurium 36 32 28 28 14 8
Salmonella virchow - - - - - 5
Slmonella enterica - - - 6 5 -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 4 2 2 1 1
Shigella dysenteriae - 2 - - - 1
Shigella flexneri 19 23 19 13 22 8
Shigella sonnei 28 19 17 30 20 20
Shigella sp 70 61 54 50 48 64
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 86 72 77 56 60 52
Streptococcus pneumoniae 124 111 127 129 85 114
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 1 - - - 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20 2024/21 2024/22
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 - - - 3 1
  KPC 1 1 - 3 1 -
  NDM 1 3 1 2 - -
  OXA48 1 2 - 2 - -
  VIM - - 2 - - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 2 1 1 2 3 3
  KPC 4 3 2 3 7 6
  NDM 3 7 3 10 11 2
  OXA48 2 5 3 4 3 -
  VIM 1 - - - - -
  Other - 1 - 1 1 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - 1 - 2 1 -
  NDM 2 2 - 1 1 -
  OXA48 1 - - 1 1 -
  VIM - - - 2 - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 1 1 2 7 3 -
  KPC 3 2 2 1 3 5
  NDM 25 25 22 20 17 7
  OXA48 20 24 23 32 18 7
  Other 1 2 1 - - -
Escherichia hermannii NDM - - - - 1 -
  Other - - - - 1 -
Escherichia vulneris NDM - - 1 - - -
Other escherichia spp OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 - - 1 - - -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - 1 - - - -
  KPC 1 2 2 2 - 1
  NDM 1 - - - 1 -
  OXA48 1 - 3 2 3 2
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 1 1 - 4 2
  KPC 12 12 16 12 16 5
  NDM 10 13 23 14 19 -
  OXA48 8 15 9 8 13 2
  VIM 1 - - 1 - -
  Other 1 - - 3 2 1
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC 1 - - - - -
  NDM - - - - 1 -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 1 - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Providencia              
Providencia rettgeri (proteus rettgeri) NDM - - 1 - - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella ornithinolytica NDM 1 - - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - - 1 - -
Other serratia spp NDM - - 1 - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/17 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20 2024/21 2024/22
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii IMP - - - - - 1
  NDM - - 2 2 - -
  Other - - 1 - 1 -
Other acinetobacter spp Other - - - 1 - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - - 1 - -
  NDM 2 - - - 1 -
  VIM - - 1 - - 1
  Other 1 - 1 1 1 1
Other pseudomonas spp VIM - - - - - 1
  Other - - 1 - - -
Other              
  NDM 1 - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
  Other - 1 - - - -

*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period