Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 23 (week ending 9 June 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20 2024/21 2024/22 2024/23
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus 1 - - 1 - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 12 17 25 20 19 20
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 253 156 174 158 229 370
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 13 13 10 13 44 26
Borrelia other named 1 - - - - -
Borrelia sp 2 2 2 1 13 1
Brucella            
Brucella sp 1 1 1 3 - 3
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 46 45 46 43 46 39
Campylobacter concisus - - - 1 - -
Campylobacter fetus - - - 1 - -
Campylobacter jejuni 301 253 390 395 463 376
Campylobacter lari 1 - 1 3 - 3
Campylobacter other named - 2 4 2 2 -
Campylobacter rectus 2 1 1 - - -
Campylobacter sp 1,078 934 1,425 1,338 1,258 1,774
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - - 1 - -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - - - - 4 -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 2 2 3 1 - 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 36 35 29 33 39 36
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 76 93 80 74 43 51
Human coronavirus 229e - - - 2 - -
Human coronavirus hku1 - - 1 - - -
SARS coronavirus - - 1 - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 131 109 90 98 97 104
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - - - - 2 -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 2,088 2,461 2,069 1,805 1,722 2,263
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 29 48 44 59 51 69
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 20 21 17 14 16 21
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 155 156 154 144 112 117
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 4 7 11 13 10 10
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 38 41 53 71 40 54
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae - 2 2 1 - 2
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 15 14 25 16 13 7
Cryptosporidium parvum 132 85 110 134 67 26
Cryptosporidium sp 56 55 55 57 32 88
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica - 1 1 - 1 -
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 7 8 21 15 15 10
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 9 - 14 4 1 7
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 67 66 71 62 66 54
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 23 8 29 21 16 21
Hepatitis B 371 329 331 351 310 309
Hepatitis C 236 203 288 313 251 269
Hepatitis D 10 14 6 10 12 9
Hepatitis E 28 33 24 26 28 32
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 359 271 198 148 118 133
Influenza B 229 206 153 89 62 84
Influenza indeterminate - - 1 - 1 1
Influenza ungrouped 8 5 6 - 4 3
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae 1 - - 3 - 1
Legionella other named 1 - - 1 - -
Legionella pneumophila 2 4 4 4 9 7
Legionella sp 2 2 6 1 3 8
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans 1 - 1 1 - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 3 5 2 3 1 4
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 106 101 86 88 71 86
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 29 25 32 25 22 19
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 2 3 5 8 6 4
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 56 69 76 51 78 61
Mumps virus 7 2 4 3 7 7
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - - 5 - - 1
Plasmodium ovale - - - - - 1
Plasmodium vivax - - 2 1 - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 34 46 71 49 35 52
Polyomavirus JC 5 2 13 6 9 4
Polyomavirus untyped 15 23 16 9 8 11
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - - 1 - - 1
Rickettsia spotted fever - 1 - - - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi 1 - 1 - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 - 7 3 6 3
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 66 72 58 62 37 28
Salmonella agona 5 - - - - -
Salmonella bareilly - - - 5 - -
Salmonella enterica - - - - 7 -
Salmonella enteritidis 35 36 41 59 28 10
Salmonella java 5 5 5 - - -
Salmonella muenchen - 5 - - - -
Salmonella newport - 5 6 6 11 8
Salmonella poona 5 - - - - -
Salmonella saint-paul - - - 6 - -
Salmonella sp 15 12 20 28 74 172
Salmonella stanley 6 - 5 - - -
Salmonella thompson - - 7 - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 21 24 27 16 8 18
Salmonella typhimurium 33 29 30 25 27 22
Salmonella virchow - - - - 8 -
Slmonella enterica - - 6 5 - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 4 2 1 2 1 -
Shigella dysenteriae 2 - - - 1 -
Shigella flexneri 23 21 14 23 14 6
Shigella sonnei 20 18 30 23 19 20
Shigella sp 63 55 51 42 61 81
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 72 77 59 57 54 61
Streptococcus pneumoniae 111 129 130 91 116 104
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 - - - 1 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20 2024/21 2024/22 2024/23
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - - - 3 1 -
  KPC 1 - 3 1 - 3
  NDM 3 1 2 - 2 2
  OXA48 2 - 2 - 3 1
  VIM - 2 - - 1 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 1 1 2 3 5 -
  KPC 3 2 3 7 8 7
  NDM 7 3 10 12 6 3
  OXA48 5 3 4 3 1 2
  Other 1 - 1 1 1 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 1 - 2 1 1 -
  NDM 2 - 1 1 - 1
  OXA48 - - 1 1 - -
  VIM - - 2 - 1 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 1 2 7 3 - -
  KPC 2 2 1 3 7 5
  NDM 25 22 21 18 15 1
  OXA48 24 24 33 20 15 4
  Other 2 1 - - 3 -
Escherichia hermannii NDM - - - 1 - -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Escherichia vulneris NDM - 1 - - - -
Other escherichia spp OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 - 1 - - - -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP 1 - - - - -
  KPC 2 2 2 - 3 -
  NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - 3 2 3 2 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 1 1 - 4 3 -
  KPC 12 16 12 18 10 -
  NDM 15 23 14 22 6 -
  OXA48 15 9 8 15 11 2
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other - 1 3 2 1 2
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata NDM - - - 1 - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - 1 2 - - 1
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Providencia              
Providencia rettgeri (proteus rettgeri) NDM - 1 - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Other serratia spp NDM - 1 - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/18 2024/19 2024/20 2024/21 2024/22 2024/23
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii IMP - - - - 1 -
  NDM - 2 2 1 - 1
  Other - 1 - 1 - -
Other acinetobacter spp Other - - 1 - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - 1 - 1 -
  NDM - - - 1 1 -
  VIM - 1 - - 2 -
  Other - 1 1 1 1 -
Other pseudomonas spp VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Other              
  NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - - 1 1 -
  Other 1 - - - - -

*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period