Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 25 (week ending 23 June 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/20 2024/21 2024/22 2024/23 2024/24 2024/25
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - 1 - - - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 25 20 19 20 21 12
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 174 158 229 385 493 342
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 10 13 44 26 23 45
Borrelia sp 2 1 13 1 7 1
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - - - 1 -
Brucella sp 1 4 - 6 - 3
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 46 43 46 55 33 45
Campylobacter concisus - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter fetus - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 392 395 465 424 354 314
Campylobacter lari 1 3 - 3 3 1
Campylobacter other named 4 2 2 - - -
Campylobacter rectus 1 - - - 1 -
Campylobacter sp 1,428 1,343 1,261 1,723 1,450 1,502
Campylobacter upsaliensis - 1 - - 1 -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - - 4 - - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 3 1 - 1 - -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 29 33 39 37 39 36
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 80 75 43 50 60 58
Human coronavirus 229e - 2 - - - -
Human coronavirus hku1 1 - - - - -
SARS coronavirus 1 - - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 90 98 97 106 93 139
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - - 2 - 6 -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 2,070 1,811 1,710 2,219 2,277 3,103
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 44 59 51 71 52 56
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 17 14 16 21 58 21
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 154 144 112 118 371 131
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 11 13 10 10 30 20
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 53 71 40 54 52 56
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 2 1 - 3 3 -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - - - - 1 -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 25 16 15 22 12 3
Cryptosporidium parvum 112 139 72 57 39 16
Cryptosporidium sp 54 51 25 43 50 77
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - - - 1 - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 - 1 - - 2
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 21 16 16 15 14 19
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 15 4 1 8 1 10
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 71 62 69 55 83 58
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 29 21 16 24 9 15
Hepatitis B 330 347 310 329 301 277
Hepatitis C 288 314 252 291 269 230
Hepatitis D 6 10 12 9 7 7
Hepatitis E 25 26 28 35 28 28
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 202 150 119 134 122 144
Influenza B 155 90 63 83 69 60
Influenza indeterminate 1 - 1 1 - 1
Influenza ungrouped 6 - 4 3 7 2
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - 3 - 1 2 -
Legionella other named - 1 - - - -
Legionella pneumophila 4 4 9 7 6 6
Legionella sp 6 1 3 8 2 6
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans 1 1 - - - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 2 3 2 4 7 4
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 87 89 80 103 100 113
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 32 25 22 19 36 23
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 5 8 6 4 6 8
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 76 51 78 61 56 39
Mumps virus 4 3 7 7 6 5
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 5 - - 1 6 2
Plasmodium ovale - - - 1 5 -
Plasmodium vivax 2 1 - - 6 -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 71 49 35 52 39 57
Polyomavirus JC 13 6 9 4 7 7
Polyomavirus untyped 16 9 8 11 11 16
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii 1 - - 1 - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - - - 3
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi 1 - - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 7 3 6 3 1 1
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 60 66 42 81 39 28
Salmonella bareilly - 5 - - - -
Salmonella enterica - - 7 - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 40 61 51 64 44 15
Salmonella java 5 - - - - -
Salmonella newport 6 7 15 16 - -
Salmonella saint-paul - 6 - 5 - -
Salmonella sp 19 18 24 27 97 234
Salmonella stanley 5 - - 6 - -
Salmonella thompson 7 - 5 - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 27 16 8 20 10 14
Salmonella typhimurium 30 27 35 45 25 14
Salmonella virchow - - 9 - - -
Slmonella enterica 6 6 - - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 2 1 2 - 2
Shigella dysenteriae - - 1 - - 1
Shigella flexneri 14 23 14 17 6 12
Shigella sonnei 30 23 21 22 24 23
Shigella sp 51 42 59 66 62 80
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 59 57 56 65 63 59
Streptococcus pneumoniae 130 93 117 106 87 102
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - - 1 1 - 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/20 2024/21 2024/22 2024/23 2024/24 2024/25
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - 3 1 - 1 1
  KPC 3 1 1 3 1 1
  NDM 2 - 2 2 1 -
  OXA48 2 - 3 4 2 -
  VIM - - 1 - 1 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 2 3 5 1 2 2
  KPC 3 7 9 8 3 1
  NDM 10 12 8 10 4 1
  OXA48 4 3 1 2 4 3
  Other 1 1 1 1 - -
Enterobacter other named IMP - 1 - - - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 2 1 2 - - -
  KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM 1 1 - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 1 - - - -
  VIM 2 - 1 - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 7 3 - 3 4 -
  KPC 1 3 7 5 8 10
  NDM 21 20 16 9 11 7
  OXA48 34 21 15 16 23 3
  VIM - - - - 2 -
  Other - - 3 1 1 1
Escherichia hermannii NDM - 1 - - - -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Other escherichia spp OXA48 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes KPC - - - - - 1
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 2 - 3 1 1 1
  NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 2 3 2 - 1 -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - 4 3 - 1 -
  KPC 12 19 11 8 14 4
  NDM 14 23 6 6 5 -
  OXA48 8 15 12 10 7 1
  VIM 1 - - - - -
  Other 3 2 1 2 1 1
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - - - - 1
Other klebsiella spp KPC - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 - - 1 - -
Kluyvera              
Kluyvera spp VIM - - - 1 - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata NDM - 1 - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 2 - - 2 3 -
  OXA48 - - - - - 1
  Other - - - 1 1 -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms [note 1]

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/20 2024/21 2024/22 2024/23 2024/24 2024/25
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii IMP - - 1 - - -
  NDM 2 1 - 1 - -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Other acinetobacter spp Other 1 - - - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP 1 - 1 - - -
  NDM - 1 1 2 - -
  VIM - - 3 1 - -
  Other 1 1 2 1 1 1
Pseudomonas putida group VIM - - - - 1 1
  Other - - - - 1 -
Other pseudomonas spp VIM - - 1 - - -
Other              
  NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 - 1 1 - 1 -

[note 1] For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period