Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 27 (week ending 7 July 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/22 2024/23 2024/24 2024/25 2024/26 2024/27
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - - - - - 1
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 19 20 22 12 18 31
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 232 384 498 358 296 208
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 44 26 24 45 33 34
Borrelia sp 14 1 6 1 6 6
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - 1 - 1 1
Brucella sp - 6 - 3 - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 46 55 34 53 44 47
Campylobacter fetus - - - - - 1
Campylobacter jejuni 465 425 356 347 392 306
Campylobacter lari - 3 3 2 1 -
Campylobacter other named 2 - - - - 2
Campylobacter rectus - - 1 - - -
Campylobacter sp 1,258 1,725 1,449 1,463 1,389 1,437
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - 1 - - 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 4 - - - - 1
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus - 1 - - 1 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 39 37 39 35 29 42
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 43 50 60 60 43 42
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 97 106 93 140 79 55
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 2 - 6 - 2 -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,709 2,220 2,258 3,084 3,308 3,005
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 51 71 52 56 89 59
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 16 21 58 21 13 9
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 112 118 371 131 103 151
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 10 10 30 20 16 6
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 40 54 52 56 58 66
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae - 3 3 - - -
Corynebacterium ulcerans - - - - 1 -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - - 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 15 22 14 11 15 3
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - 1 - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 72 59 47 43 34 14
Cryptosporidium sp 25 38 39 41 40 54
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - 2 1 - 1 -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 1 - 2 - 2
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 16 15 14 22 17 11
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 1 8 1 10 8 6
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 69 55 83 59 64 67
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 16 24 9 15 26 16
Hepatitis B 311 329 307 317 333 325
Hepatitis C 252 292 271 240 243 233
Hepatitis D 12 9 7 7 9 8
Hepatitis E 28 35 29 29 30 21
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 119 134 122 144 155 129
Influenza B 63 83 69 62 48 38
Influenza indeterminate 1 1 - 1 - -
Influenza ungrouped 4 3 7 2 - 3
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - 1 2 - - 1
Legionella other named - - - - 1 -
Legionella pneumophila 9 7 6 8 4 9
Legionella sp 3 8 2 6 3 2
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 2 4 7 4 7 3
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 82 106 103 114 94 94
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 22 19 36 23 13 12
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 6 4 6 8 3 5
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 78 61 56 40 60 71
Mumps virus 7 7 6 5 4 9
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - 1 6 2 - -
Plasmodium ovale - 1 5 - 1 -
Plasmodium vivax - - 6 - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 35 52 39 56 45 52
Polyomavirus JC 9 4 7 7 6 7
Polyomavirus untyped 8 11 11 16 23 8
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - 1 - - - -
Rickettsia sp - - - - - 1
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - 3 1 -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - 1 - - 1
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 6 3 1 1 2 2
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 42 84 63 70 46 19
Salmonella enterica 7 - - - - 7
Salmonella enteritidis 51 65 74 79 40 23
Salmonella infantis - - - 6 - -
Salmonella java - - - 7 - -
Salmonella newport 15 16 5 6 - -
Salmonella saint-paul - 5 - 6 7 -
Salmonella sp 24 20 16 45 118 182
Salmonella stanley - 6 - - - -
Salmonella thompson 5 - - - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 8 20 12 15 8 15
Salmonella typhimurium 35 48 45 49 25 19
Salmonella virchow 9 - - - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 3 - 2 - 1
Shigella dysenteriae 1 - - 1 - -
Shigella flexneri 13 18 7 22 16 13
Shigella sonnei 21 23 27 30 21 10
Shigella sp 59 64 58 63 56 48
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 56 65 63 62 51 67
Streptococcus pneumoniae 117 107 87 102 98 94
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 1 - 1 - -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/22 2024/23 2024/24 2024/25 2024/26 2024/27
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 - 1 1 - -
  KPC 1 3 1 1 - 1
  NDM 2 2 1 - 2 1
  OXA48 3 4 2 2 3 1
  VIM 1 - 1 - - 1
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 5 1 3 6 2 2
  KPC 9 8 4 3 5 1
  NDM 8 10 5 2 6 1
  OXA48 1 2 4 3 1 1
  Other 1 1 - 1 1 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 2 - - 3 - -
  KPC 1 - - - - -
  NDM - 1 - 2 2 -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  VIM 1 1 1 1 - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - 5 4 6 4 -
  KPC 7 6 8 13 7 7
  NDM 16 11 12 23 13 3
  OXA48 15 18 24 14 23 7
  VIM - 1 2 - 1 1
  Other 3 1 1 2 2 -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes IMP - - - - 1 -
  KPC - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 3 1 1 1 - -
  OXA48 2 - 2 1 - 2
  VIM - - - - 1 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 3 1 1 2 2 -
  KPC 11 10 15 14 13 12
  NDM 6 6 5 11 8 4
  OXA48 12 10 7 8 13 4
  VIM - - - 2 2 1
  Other 1 2 1 3 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Other klebsiella spp KPC - 1 - - 1 -
  NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - 1 1 - 1 -
Kluyvera              
Kluyvera spp VIM - 1 - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - 2 3 1 - -
  OXA48 - - - 2 - -
  Other - 1 1 - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica OXA48 1 - - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/22 2024/23 2024/24 2024/25 2024/26 2024/27
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii IMP 1 - - - - -
  NDM - 1 - - - -
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex NDM - - - - - 1
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP 1 - - - - -
  NDM 1 2 - 1 2 -
  VIM 3 1 - - 1 2
  Other 2 1 1 1 2 -
Pseudomonas monteilli VIM - - - 1 - -
Pseudomonas putida group VIM - - 1 1 1 -
  Other - - 1 - - -
Other pseudomonas spp VIM 1 - - 1 - -
Other              
  NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 1 - 1 1 - -