Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 29 (week ending 21 July 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/24 2024/25 2024/26 2024/27 2024/28 2024/29
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - - - 1 - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 22 13 18 32 21 20
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 500 360 302 228 193 233
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 24 46 34 35 41 34
Borrelia sp 6 1 6 6 7 8
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis 1 - 1 1 - -
Brucella sp - 5 1 1 - 4
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 35 53 45 51 48 47
Campylobacter curvus - - - - - 1
Campylobacter fetus - - - 1 - 1
Campylobacter jejuni 362 363 397 335 318 243
Campylobacter lari 3 3 2 - - -
Campylobacter other named - - - 2 1 1
Campylobacter rectus 1 - - - - -
Campylobacter sp 1,455 1,468 1,393 1,424 1,246 1,354
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 1 - 1 1 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - - - 1 3 -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus - - 1 1 1 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 40 35 30 42 31 28
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 60 60 43 44 36 43
Human coronavirus 229e - - - - 1 -
SARS coronavirus - - - - 3 -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 93 140 79 55 38 119
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 6 - 2 - - -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 2,277 3,124 3,328 3,027 3,439 3,953
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 52 56 89 59 68 117
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 58 21 13 9 20 23
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 371 131 103 151 98 122
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 30 20 16 6 24 25
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 52 56 58 66 86 82
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 3 - - - - 3
Corynebacterium ulcerans - - 1 - 1 -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus - - - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 14 12 16 11 17 7
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - 2 2 - 1 -
Cryptosporidium parvum 47 45 41 37 46 17
Cryptosporidium sp 39 37 30 21 28 45
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum 1 - 1 1 - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica - 2 - 2 1 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 14 23 18 11 13 8
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 1 10 8 6 2 5
Giardia            
Giardia sp 106 118 112 86 90 114
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 85 59 65 68 71 53
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 9 15 26 16 11 10
Hepatitis B 310 317 349 359 266 299
Hepatitis C 274 240 253 249 355 246
Hepatitis D 7 7 9 8 6 10
Hepatitis E 29 29 30 21 27 43
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 124 144 236 220 277 327
Influenza B 70 63 128 126 161 172
Influenza indeterminate - 1 - - - -
Influenza ungrouped 7 2 - 3 1 6
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae 2 - - 1 1 -
Legionella other named - - 1 - - -
Legionella pneumophila 6 8 4 9 6 14
Legionella sp 2 6 3 2 4 -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 9 4 7 3 4 4
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 104 117 106 100 69 73
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 36 23 13 12 23 14
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 6 8 3 5 4 17
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 56 40 60 71 48 50
Mumps virus 6 5 4 9 6 8
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 6 2 - - - 1
Plasmodium ovale 5 - 1 - - -
Plasmodium vivax 6 - - - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 39 56 45 52 45 74
Polyomavirus JC 7 7 6 7 8 15
Polyomavirus untyped 11 16 23 8 17 17
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia sp - - - 1 - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - 3 1 - - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi 1 - - 1 - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 1 2 2 - 3
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 63 73 60 75 69 34
Salmonella agona - - - 6 - -
Salmonella bareilly - - 6 - - -
Salmonella chester - - 5 - - -
Salmonella enterica - - - 7 - -
Salmonella enteritidis 75 85 77 85 56 33
Salmonella heidelberg - - - 5 - -
Salmonella infantis - 6 - - - -
Salmonella java - 7 - - - -
Salmonella newport 5 6 5 7 5 -
Salmonella saint-paul - 6 9 - - -
Salmonella sp 13 35 36 31 84 189
Salmonella stanley - - 5 - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 12 15 9 15 10 9
Salmonella typhimurium 46 51 34 34 24 13
Slmonella enterica - - - - 5 -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 2 - 1 1 1
Shigella dysenteriae - 1 - - - -
Shigella flexneri 7 22 22 15 10 11
Shigella sonnei 27 32 21 12 22 18
Shigella sp 58 62 50 44 58 65
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 63 63 50 72 55 59
Streptococcus pneumoniae 88 104 99 94 78 82
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - 1 - 1 1 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/24 2024/25 2024/26 2024/27 2024/28 2024/29
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 1 - - - -
  KPC 1 2 - 1 3 -
  NDM 1 - 2 2 - -
  OXA48 2 2 3 2 2 -
  VIM 1 - - 3 1 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 5 6 2 3 3 -
  KPC 4 3 5 1 3 2
  NDM 5 2 6 5 6 3
  OXA48 4 3 1 3 3 -
  Other - 1 1 3 - -
Enterobacter other named NDM 1 - - - - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - 3 - 1 - -
  NDM - 3 2 1 2 -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
  VIM 1 1 - - 1 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 4 6 4 - - -
  KPC 8 13 7 8 12 6
  NDM 12 23 15 17 9 6
  OXA48 24 15 24 18 21 4
  VIM 2 - 1 2 1 -
  Other 1 1 2 1 1 -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes IMP - - 1 - - -
  KPC - 1 - 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 1 1 - - 1 -
  OXA48 2 2 - 2 - -
  VIM - - 1 - 1 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 1 2 3 - 2 -
  KPC 15 15 15 24 16 7
  NDM 6 12 10 10 5 -
  OXA48 7 8 15 11 8 7
  VIM - 2 2 3 1 -
  Other 1 3 2 2 2 1
Klebsiella variicola KPC - 1 - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Other klebsiella spp KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 1 - 1 - 1 -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 3 1 - 2 - -
  OXA48 - 2 - - - -
  Other 1 - - 1 - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica OXA48 - - - 1 - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/24 2024/25 2024/26 2024/27 2024/28 2024/29
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - - - - 1 -
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex NDM - - - 1 - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - - - 1 1 -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM - 1 2 2 1 -
  VIM - - 1 3 1 -
  Other 1 1 2 1 1 -
Pseudomonas monteilli VIM - 1 - - 1 -
Pseudomonas putida group VIM 1 1 1 - - -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Other pseudomonas spp VIM - 1 - - - -
Other              
  NDM - - 1 1 1 -
  OXA48 1 1 - - - -
  VIM - - - 1 - -