Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 31 (week ending 4 August 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/26 2024/27 2024/28 2024/29 2024/30 2024/31
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - 1 - - - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 18 33 21 21 20 18
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 303 230 196 241 304 292
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 34 35 41 35 46 34
Borrelia sp 6 6 7 8 6 8
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis 1 1 - - - 1
Brucella sp 1 1 - 4 - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 45 51 48 53 53 38
Campylobacter curvus - - - 1 - -
Campylobacter fetus - 1 - 1 1 1
Campylobacter jejuni 397 335 333 286 314 248
Campylobacter lari 2 - - 1 1 -
Campylobacter other named - 2 1 1 - 3
Campylobacter sp 1,399 1,433 1,253 1,339 1,215 1,285
Campylobacter upsaliensis - 1 1 1 2 -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - 1 3 - - 1
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 1 1 1 - -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 30 42 32 28 40 30
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 43 44 37 44 41 37
Human coronavirus 229e - - 1 - - -
SARS coronavirus - - 3 - - 1
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 79 55 38 123 127 95
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 2 - - - - 2
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 3,329 3,026 3,462 3,983 3,488 2,858
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 89 59 68 121 86 84
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 13 9 20 23 13 16
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 103 151 98 122 94 116
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 16 6 24 25 30 17
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 58 66 86 82 81 44
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae - - 1 4 3 2
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 - 1 - - 1
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus - 1 - - 1 -
Cryptosporidium felis - - - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 16 11 17 17 13 1
Cryptosporidium meleagridis 2 - 2 - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 41 37 47 28 29 16
Cryptosporidium sp 30 22 25 22 45 51
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum 1 1 1 1 2 -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica - 2 1 1 2 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 18 11 13 12 8 10
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 8 6 2 5 8 3
Giardia            
Giardia sp 113 87 90 116 105 100
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 65 68 71 58 67 62
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 26 16 12 10 15 13
Hepatitis B 351 361 277 326 260 308
Hepatitis C 255 250 362 255 266 316
Hepatitis D 9 8 6 10 8 3
Hepatitis E 30 21 27 44 26 30
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 237 223 280 334 325 217
Influenza B 48 38 38 39 44 30
Influenza indeterminate - - - - 1 -
Influenza ungrouped - 3 1 6 5 3
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - 1 1 - - -
Legionella other named 1 - - - - 1
Legionella pneumophila 4 9 6 14 7 1
Legionella sp 3 2 4 - 3 2
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - - - - 1 -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 7 3 4 4 4 5
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 109 102 75 88 101 75
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 13 12 23 14 17 15
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 3 5 4 17 19 12
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 60 72 48 50 58 58
Mumps virus 4 9 6 8 9 6
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - - - 1 1 1
Plasmodium ovale 1 - - - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 45 52 45 74 52 51
Polyomavirus JC 6 7 8 15 7 8
Polyomavirus untyped 23 8 17 17 13 13
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia sp - 1 - 1 - -
Rickettsia spotted fever 1 - - - - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - 1 - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 2 2 - 4 3 4
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 60 73 65 67 52 24
Salmonella agona - 6 - - - -
Salmonella anatum - - 5 - - -
Salmonella bareilly 6 - - - - -
Salmonella braenderup - - - 5 - -
Salmonella chester 5 - 5 - - -
Salmonella enterica - 7 - - - 5
Salmonella enteritidis 77 87 84 88 38 20
Salmonella heidelberg - 6 6 - - -
Salmonella infantis - 5 5 - - -
Salmonella java - - 5 6 - -
Salmonella newport 5 8 7 - - 5
Salmonella saint-paul 9 - - 5 - -
Salmonella sp 36 24 26 69 142 175
Salmonella stanley 5 - - - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 9 15 10 11 9 12
Salmonella typhimurium 34 35 32 29 15 8
Slmonella enterica - - 7 - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 1 1 1 1 1
Shigella flexneri 24 18 15 17 20 8
Shigella sonnei 22 12 25 23 22 11
Shigella sp 50 45 52 54 69 74
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 50 72 56 63 50 64
Streptococcus pneumoniae 100 94 84 87 73 77
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - 1 1 1 1 2

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/26 2024/27 2024/28 2024/29 2024/30 2024/31
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - - - 1 1 -
  KPC - 1 3 - 1 -
  NDM 2 2 - 1 2 -
  OXA48 3 2 2 - 4 -
  VIM - 3 1 - - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 2 3 3 1 2 -
  KPC 5 1 3 3 7 2
  NDM 6 5 7 7 11 6
  OXA48 1 3 3 1 5 2
  Other 1 3 - - 2 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - 1 1 1 - -
  NDM 2 1 2 2 2 -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
  VIM - - 1 - 1 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 4 - - 1 - -
  KPC 7 8 12 6 5 6
  NDM 15 17 11 17 16 8
  OXA48 24 19 24 18 22 7
  VIM 1 2 2 - - 1
  Other 2 1 1 1 1 1
Escherichia hermannii OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes IMP 1 - - - - -
  KPC - 1 - - - -
  NDM - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC - 1 1 1 2 -
  NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - 2 - - - -
  VIM 1 - 1 1 1 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 3 - 2 2 6 3
  KPC 15 24 17 18 21 14
  NDM 10 10 7 4 13 2
  OXA48 15 11 9 16 11 -
  VIM 3 3 1 1 - 1
  Other 2 2 2 3 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - 1 - 1 -
  NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Other klebsiella spp KPC 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 1 - 1 1 - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata NDM - - - - 1 -
Phytobacter              
Pytobacter ursingii KPC - - - - - 1
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - 2 - 1 1 -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella spp NDM - - - - 1 -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica OXA48 - 1 - - 2 -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/26 2024/27 2024/28 2024/29 2024/30 2024/31
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - - 1 - 1 1
  Other - - - - - 1
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex NDM - 1 - - - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - 1 1 - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - - - - 1
  NDM 2 3 1 - - -
  VIM 1 3 1 - - 1
  Other 2 1 1 2 1 1
Pseudomonas monteilli VIM - - 1 - 1 -
Pseudomonas putida group VIM 1 - - - - -
Other              
  IMP - - - 1 - -
  NDM 1 1 1 1 - -
  VIM - 1 - - - -