Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 33 (week ending 18 August 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/28 2024/29 2024/30 2024/31 2024/32 2024/33
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus - - - - 1 -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 21 21 23 18 31 28
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 196 241 304 300 264 248
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 41 35 48 36 26 28
Borrelia sp 7 8 6 7 5 8
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - - 1 - -
Brucella sp - 4 - - 1 2
Burkholderia            
Burkholderia pseudomallei - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 48 54 53 48 72 50
Campylobacter curvus - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter fetus - 1 1 1 - 1
Campylobacter jejuni 333 288 318 296 316 238
Campylobacter lari - 1 1 - 1 -
Campylobacter other named 1 1 - 3 2 4
Campylobacter sp 1,256 1,343 1,220 1,238 1,192 1,294
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 1 2 1 3 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 3 - - 1 1 -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 1 - - 1 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 33 28 40 30 30 32
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 39 44 41 40 16 17
Human coronavirus 229e 1 - - - - -
SARS coronavirus 3 - - 1 2 -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 38 123 127 95 70 81
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - - - 2 2 6
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 3,468 3,988 3,489 2,857 2,082 1,694
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 68 121 87 84 60 53
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 20 23 13 16 17 13
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 98 122 94 117 113 98
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 24 25 30 17 10 20
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 86 82 81 44 54 41
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 4 3 2 2 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 - - 1 - 1
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus - - 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium felis - 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 17 17 14 6 14 9
Cryptosporidium meleagridis 2 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 47 29 33 31 47 12
Cryptosporidium sp 25 22 37 30 31 67
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum 1 1 2 - 1 -
Cryptosporidium viatorum - - - - - 1
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 1 2 1 1 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 13 12 8 13 16 19
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 2 6 8 4 6 6
Giardia            
Giardia sp 91 116 105 100 92 115
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 72 59 69 62 49 40
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 12 10 15 13 12 10
Hepatitis B 286 336 273 322 295 281
Hepatitis C 365 264 275 337 277 259
Hepatitis D 6 10 9 3 3 6
Hepatitis E 27 44 26 30 33 32
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 280 339 327 220 262 228
Influenza B 38 40 46 33 23 19
Influenza indeterminate - - 1 - - 1
Influenza ungrouped 1 6 5 3 4 4
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae 1 - - - - 1
Legionella other named - - - 1 - -
Legionella pneumophila 7 15 7 1 2 8
Legionella sp 4 - 3 2 1 1
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - - 1 - 1 -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 4 4 3 5 3 2
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75 92 116 89 100 73
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 23 15 17 15 15 10
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 4 17 19 12 14 17
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 68 63 62 68 52 32
Mumps virus 6 9 9 6 6 7
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - 1 1 1 14 -
Plasmodium vivax - - - - 1 -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 45 75 52 51 66 33
Polyomavirus JC 8 15 7 8 7 5
Polyomavirus untyped 17 17 13 13 8 16
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia sp - 1 - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus - 4 3 4 6 4
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 67 66 79 60 63 37
Salmonella anatum 5 - - - - -
Salmonella braenderup - 5 - - - -
Salmonella chester 5 - - 6 - -
Salmonella enterica - 5 - 9 - 7
Salmonella enteritidis 84 97 83 84 66 22
Salmonella heidelberg 6 - - - - -
Salmonella infantis 5 - 5 - - -
Salmonella java 5 6 - - - -
Salmonella newport 7 - 5 7 6 -
Salmonella oranienburg - - 5 - - -
Salmonella saint-paul - 5 - - - -
Salmonella sp 23 52 35 33 146 214
Salmonella stanley - - 5 - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 10 11 9 19 14 8
Salmonella typhimurium 33 34 33 28 20 20
Salmonella virchow - 5 - 5 - -
Slmonella enterica 7 - - - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 1 1 2 - -
Shigella dysenteriae - - 1 - - -
Shigella flexneri 15 19 23 13 11 12
Shigella sonnei 25 25 23 15 20 23
Shigella sp 52 50 69 65 75 95
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 56 63 51 65 52 30
Streptococcus pneumoniae 84 87 74 78 62 59
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 1 1 2 1 3

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/28 2024/29 2024/30 2024/31 2024/32 2024/33
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - 2 1 2 - -
  KPC 3 - 1 1 1 -
  NDM 1 1 2 1 2 1
  OXA48 2 - 4 4 4 -
  VIM 1 - - 2 - -
  Other - - - - - 1
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 1 2 1 4 2
  KPC 3 3 8 5 5 5
  NDM 7 7 12 11 6 5
  OXA48 3 1 5 6 5 1
  VIM - - - 2 - 1
  Other - - 2 1 1 1
Other enterobacter spp IMP 1 1 - 1 - -
  NDM 3 2 3 4 - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
  VIM 1 - 1 1 - 1
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - 1 - 4 1 -
  KPC 12 6 5 10 8 8
  NDM 11 17 19 20 9 9
  OXA48 25 21 23 25 18 5
  VIM 2 - - 3 1 -
  Other 1 1 1 3 1 1
Escherichia hermannii OXA48 1 - - - - -
Escherichia vulneris NDM - - 1 - - -
  VIM - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - - - 1 - -
  KPC 1 1 2 - 1 -
  NDM - - 1 1 2 -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  VIM 1 1 1 - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 2 6 10 - 2
  KPC 17 18 24 21 13 4
  NDM 8 6 14 12 6 3
  OXA48 9 16 13 12 5 2
  VIM 1 1 - 4 - -
  Other 2 3 2 1 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC 1 - 1 - - -
  NDM - - 1 1 - -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 1 1 - - - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM - - 1 - - -
Phytobacter              
Pytobacter ursingii KPC - - - 1 - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - 1 1 1 - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella spp NDM - - 1 - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica IMP - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - 2 - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/28 2024/29 2024/30 2024/31 2024/32 2024/33
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 1 - 2 2 - 1
  Other - - - 1 - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM 1 - - 1 - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - - 2 - 1
  NDM 1 - - - - 1
  VIM 1 - - 1 1 -
  Other 1 2 2 1 1 1
Pseudomonas monteilli VIM 1 - 1 - - -
Other              
  IMP - 1 - - - -
  NDM 1 1 - - - -
  Other - - - - - 1