Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 34 (week ending 25 August 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/29 2024/30 2024/31 2024/32 2024/33 2024/34
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - - - 1 - 1
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 21 23 18 31 28 27
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 242 304 302 265 251 138
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 35 48 36 27 30 26
Borrelia sp 8 6 7 5 8 5
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - 1 1 - -
Brucella sp 4 - - - 2 -
Burkholderia            
Burkholderia pseudomallei - - - 1 - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 54 53 48 72 58 60
Campylobacter curvus 1 - - - - -
Campylobacter fetus 1 1 1 - 1 -
Campylobacter jejuni 289 318 297 320 270 280
Campylobacter lari 1 1 - 1 - -
Campylobacter other named 1 - 3 2 4 1
Campylobacter sp 1,342 1,220 1,238 1,195 1,263 1,241
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 2 1 3 1 -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - - 1 1 - 2
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 - - 1 1 4
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 28 40 30 30 33 28
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 44 41 40 16 18 20
SARS coronavirus - - 1 2 - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 123 127 95 70 81 77
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - - 2 2 6 -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 3,988 3,489 2,858 2,083 1,688 1,405
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 121 87 84 60 55 61
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 23 13 16 17 13 15
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 122 94 117 113 104 84
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 25 30 17 10 20 6
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 82 81 44 54 41 61
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 4 3 2 2 1 -
Corynebacterium ulcerans - - 1 - 1 -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - - - - - 1
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus - 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium felis 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 17 15 6 15 20 4
Cryptosporidium parvum 29 35 33 50 24 14
Cryptosporidium sp 22 34 28 28 44 90
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum 1 2 - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium viatorum - - - - 1 -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 2 1 1 - -
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 12 8 14 16 20 12
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 6 8 4 6 6 9
Giardia            
Giardia sp 117 105 100 92 115 107
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 59 69 62 49 41 58
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 10 15 14 14 10 21
Hepatitis B 338 276 325 301 303 291
Hepatitis C 264 275 335 280 268 220
Hepatitis D 10 9 3 4 7 9
Hepatitis E 44 26 30 33 33 32
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 339 327 220 262 229 219
Influenza B 40 46 33 24 19 19
Influenza indeterminate - 1 - - 1 1
Influenza ungrouped 6 5 3 4 4 8
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - - - 1 -
Legionella other named - - 1 - - -
Legionella pneumophila 15 7 1 2 8 6
Legionella sp - 3 2 1 1 3
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - 1 - 1 - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 4 3 5 4 2 4
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 94 117 96 104 77 104
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 15 17 16 15 10 7
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 17 19 12 14 17 14
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 63 62 68 52 33 45
Mumps virus 9 9 6 6 8 5
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 1 1 1 14 - -
Plasmodium vivax - - - 1 - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 75 52 51 66 33 63
Polyomavirus JC 15 7 8 7 5 10
Polyomavirus untyped 17 13 13 8 16 10
Rabies virus            
Rabies virus - - - - 1 -
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia sp 1 - - - - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - - - 1
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 4 3 4 6 4 1
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 66 80 60 78 63 21
Salmonella agona - - - - 7 -
Salmonella blockley - - - 8 6 -
Salmonella braenderup 5 - - - - -
Salmonella chester - - 6 - - -
Salmonella enterica 5 - 9 - 7 -
Salmonella enteritidis 97 85 88 106 58 23
Salmonella infantis - 5 - - - -
Salmonella java 6 - - - - -
Salmonella napoli - - - - 5 -
Salmonella newport - 5 7 8 - -
Salmonella oranienburg - 5 - - - -
Salmonella saint-paul 5 - - - - -
Salmonella sp 52 32 30 63 120 244
Salmonella stanley - 5 - - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 11 9 19 14 11 14
Salmonella typhimurium 34 33 28 36 31 13
Salmonella virchow 5 - 5 - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 1 2 1 2 -
Shigella dysenteriae - 1 - - - -
Shigella flexneri 19 23 13 18 15 8
Shigella sonnei 25 23 15 26 33 10
Shigella sp 50 69 65 61 81 76
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 63 51 65 52 32 47
Streptococcus pneumoniae 87 74 78 62 61 59
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 1 2 2 3 2

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/29 2024/30 2024/31 2024/32 2024/33 2024/34
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 2 1 2 - - -
  KPC - 1 1 1 - 1
  NDM 1 2 1 2 2 -
  OXA48 - 4 4 4 3 1
  VIM - - 2 - - -
  Other - - - - 1 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 1 2 1 4 7 1
  KPC 4 8 5 6 6 4
  NDM 7 12 12 7 11 3
  OXA48 1 5 6 5 4 1
  VIM - - 2 - 1 1
  Other - 2 1 1 1 1
Other enterobacter spp IMP 1 - 1 - 2 -
  NDM 2 3 4 1 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
  VIM - 1 1 - 2 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 1 - 4 1 - -
  KPC 6 5 12 7 9 5
  NDM 17 19 21 9 21 3
  OXA48 21 24 26 19 17 5
  VIM - - 4 - - -
  Other 1 1 3 1 1 -
Escherichia hermannii IMP - - - - - 1
  OXA48 - - - - - 1
Escherichia vulneris NDM - 1 - - - -
  VIM - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - - 1 - - -
  KPC 1 2 - 1 - -
  NDM - 1 1 2 - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - 1 -
  VIM 1 1 - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 6 10 - 2 -
  KPC 18 24 22 15 12 10
  NDM 6 14 12 7 9 2
  OXA48 16 13 13 7 11 2
  VIM 1 - 4 - 2 -
  Other 3 2 1 1 1 1
Klebsiella variicola KPC - 1 - - - -
  NDM - 1 1 - - -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 1 - - - - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - - 1 - -
  NDM - 1 - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Other - - - - - 1
Pantoea              
Pantoea agglomerans IMP - - - - - 1
  OXA48 - - - - - 1
Phytobacter              
Pytobacter ursingii KPC - - 1 - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 1 1 1 - 1 -
Raoultella              
Raoultella spp NDM - 1 - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica IMP - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - 2 - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/29 2024/30 2024/31 2024/32 2024/33 2024/34
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - 2 2 - 3 1
  Other - - 1 - - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - - 1 - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - 2 - 2 -
  NDM - - - - 4 -
  VIM - - 1 1 - -
  Other 2 2 1 1 1 2
Pseudomonas monteilli VIM - 1 - - - -
Other              
  IMP 1 - - - - -
  NDM 1 - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
  Other - - - - 1 -