Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 38 (week ending 22 September 2024)
Updated 23 December 2024
Applies to England and Wales
© Crown copyright 2024
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Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia spp
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2024/33 | 2024/34 | 2024/35 | 2024/36 | 2024/37 | 2024/38 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile Virus | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 30 | 28 | 19 | 27 | 19 | 30 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 253 | 142 | 107 | 100 | 104 | 81 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 38 | 27 | 45 | 62 | 50 | 40 |
| Borrelia sp | 8 | 5 | 6 | 13 | 8 | 12 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Brucella sp | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 59 | 71 | 58 | 62 | 57 | 29 |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 271 | 322 | 319 | 359 | 339 | 269 |
| Campylobacter other named | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,272 | 1,204 | 1,086 | 1,278 | 1,266 | 1,210 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 1 | 4 | 2 | - | - | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 34 | 28 | 28 | 23 | 30 | 32 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 18 | 20 | 21 | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 82 | 77 | 87 | 60 | 122 | 100 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 6 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 1,688 | 1,406 | 1,591 | 1,742 | 1,748 | 2,534 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 55 | 62 | 41 | 72 | 59 | 65 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 13 | 15 | 8 | 16 | 36 | 19 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 104 | 84 | 62 | 113 | 337 | 170 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 20 | 6 | 16 | 22 | 11 | 12 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 41 | 61 | 49 | 37 | 63 | 62 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | - | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | 1 | - | - | 3 | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 22 | 19 | 21 | 39 | 23 | 14 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 29 | 42 | 68 | 66 | 38 | 28 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 37 | 47 | 41 | 72 | 96 | 164 |
| Cryptosporidium viatorum | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 21 | 16 | 16 | 29 | 29 | 15 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 6 | 10 | 13 | 9 | 18 | 8 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia sp | 117 | 111 | 96 | 143 | 149 | 119 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 44 | 59 | 62 | 46 | 38 | 35 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 11 | 23 | 12 | 23 | 27 | 28 |
| Hepatitis B | 313 | 314 | 229 | 282 | 282 | 280 |
| Hepatitis C | 280 | 237 | 255 | 241 | 267 | 253 |
| Hepatitis D | 7 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 9 |
| Hepatitis E | 36 | 33 | 18 | 34 | 44 | 24 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 232 | 220 | 227 | 218 | 238 | 333 |
| Influenza B | 19 | 20 | 22 | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 4 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 4 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 6 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 8 | 7 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 9 |
| Legionella sp | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 4 |
| Leptospira | ||||||
| Leptospira interrogans | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 7 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 86 | 117 | 68 | 96 | 107 | 65 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 14 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 24 | 16 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | 17 | 14 | 6 | 17 | 19 | 11 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 34 | 48 | 34 | 28 | 22 | 17 |
| Mumps virus | 8 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | - | 2 | 28 | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 33 | 63 | 45 | 60 | 64 | 55 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 5 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 10 | 7 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 16 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 22 | 19 |
| Rabies virus | ||||||
| Rabies virus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia mooseri | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia prowazekii | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rickettsia sp | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 71 | 74 | 85 | 86 | 44 | 35 |
| Salmonella agona | 10 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella blockley | 12 | 8 | 18 | 17 | 5 | - |
| Salmonella bovis-morbificans | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella braenderup | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | 7 | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 85 | 114 | 114 | 117 | 59 | 28 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | 7 | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | 5 | - | - | - | 7 | - |
| Salmonella mikawasima | - | - | - | 9 | 5 | 5 |
| Salmonella napoli | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 7 | 7 | 5 | 15 | - | 5 |
| Salmonella oranienburg | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 41 | 39 | 33 | 77 | 249 | 259 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 11 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 25 | 30 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 47 | 46 | 44 | 60 | 27 | 16 |
| Slmonella enterica | 6 | 6 | - | - | 10 | 9 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 18 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 10 | 10 |
| Shigella sonnei | 35 | 14 | 23 | 24 | 19 | 12 |
| Shigella sp | 76 | 68 | 59 | 80 | 98 | 119 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 34 | 54 | 64 | 68 | 64 | 41 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 63 | 61 | 58 | 45 | 61 | 57 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/33 | 2024/34 | 2024/35 | 2024/36 | 2024/37 | 2024/38 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | - | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | |
| NDM | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| KPC | 7 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 11 | 4 | |
| NDM | 11 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 3 | |
| VIM | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | 3 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| KPC | 9 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 3 | |
| NDM | 23 | 9 | 20 | 16 | 17 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 15 | 21 | 11 | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | |
| Escherichia hermannii | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 2 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 1 |
| KPC | 14 | 35 | 17 | 18 | 17 | 6 | |
| NDM | 12 | 8 | 15 | 7 | 6 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 13 | 16 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 5 | |
| VIM | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | - | |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Pantoea | |||||||
| Pantoea agglomerans | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Pantoea septica | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pluralibacter | |||||||
| Pluralibacter spp | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Proteus vulgaris | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other proteus spp | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | OXA48 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/33 | 2024/34 | 2024/35 | 2024/36 | 2024/37 | 2024/38 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | 3 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| NDM | 4 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | |
| Pseudomonas putida group | VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Pseudomonas stutzeri group | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other | |||||||
| KPC | - | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |