Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 4 (week ending 28 January 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox (monkeypox) virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2023/51 2023/52 2024/01 2024/02 2024/03 2024/04
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 14 6 16 10 23 21
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 32 13 26 37 58 66
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 12 7 9 15 8 13
Borrelia sp 2 2 - 3 7 4
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis 1 - - - - -
Brucella sp 1 - 1 - - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 13 15 15 27 25 12
Campylobacter fetus - - - 1 1 -
Campylobacter jejuni 207 142 155 175 266 192
Campylobacter other named 1 1 3 - 1 -
Campylobacter sp 805 436 658 591 926 774
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - - 4 - -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - 2 - - 2 -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 34 28 41 14 38 28
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 56 47 72 65 106 197
Human coronavirus 229e 2 - 8 - 5 2
Human coronavirus hku1 - - - 3 1 3
SARS coronavirus - - - 1 9 6
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 163 191 170 111 189 238
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 11 2 - - - 2
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 9,024 8,126 7,620 4,747 6,661 5,689
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 84 83 140 79 95 119
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 41 20 25 23 30 24
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 196 84 107 105 189 149
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 36 30 43 27 32 22
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 104 113 130 82 133 127
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 4 - 2 2 3 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans - - 1 1 - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 5 - 7 4 1 -
Cryptosporidium parvum 12 6 5 7 3 5
Cryptosporidium sp 100 41 67 52 99 55
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica - 1 - 1 4 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 4 6 7 4 5 3
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 6 2 5 6 2 7
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 73 50 76 55 98 66
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 16 9 46 29 14 19
Hepatitis B 349 192 254 255 400 366
Hepatitis C 242 133 174 207 298 237
Hepatitis D 7 3 7 7 7 4
Hepatitis E 32 17 20 28 45 19
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 3,249 3,255 3,840 2,391 5,603 5,915
Influenza B 112 120 151 115 1294 363
Influenza indeterminate 1 - 1 3 3 14
Influenza ungrouped 92 116 124 66 84 122
Legionella            
Legionella other named 1 - - - 1 -
Legionella pneumophila 6 3 1 1 3 11
Legionella sp 5 - 2 - 1 -
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - - - - 1 1
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 11 4 5 - - 3
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 89 51 66 73 90 70
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 48 16 31 48 42 34
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 3 - 1 1 4 -
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 29 29 44 69 51 45
Mumps virus 4 6 8 8 7 15
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 9 1 - 6 1 1
Plasmodium ovale 1 - - - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 55 49 34 49 80 45
Polyomavirus JC 12 4 10 7 7 8
Polyomavirus untyped 19 8 12 14 22 20
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - 1 - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 2 - - - 3 3
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 61 31 34 53 30 16
Salmonella agona - - 8 - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 22 14 20 16 14 -
Salmonella newport 5 - - - - -
Salmonella sp 16 - 7 11 82 87
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 23 12 17 16 19 11
Salmonella typhimurium 20 12 23 27 19 18
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 1 1 2 3 -
Shigella dysenteriae 1 - - 1 - -
Shigella flexneri 24 8 17 19 13 5
Shigella sonnei 29 21 21 10 31 21
Shigella sp 44 19 30 33 65 53
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 67 68 90 73 87 82
Streptococcus pneumoniae 176 191 251 135 139 110
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 - 3 - - -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2023/51 2023/52 2024/01 2024/02 2024/03 2024/04
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - - - - 1 -
  KPC 3 2 1 - 1 1
  NDM 2 - - 1 1 3
  OXA48 2 4 1 2 3 3
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other - - - - - 1
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP - - 3 1 1 -
  KPC 1 2 3 - 5 2
  NDM 7 4 3 5 1 5
  OXA48 6 5 3 5 4 4
  Other 2 - 1 1 1 1
Other enterobacter spp NDM 3 1 1 1 - -
  OXA48 1 1 1 1 - -
  VIM - - 1 1 - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 2 - - - - -
  KPC 4 7 5 3 3 -
  NDM 20 15 17 14 15 5
  OXA48 23 14 14 15 18 5
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other 1 1 - 1 1 -
Escherichia hermannii KPC - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 1 - 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 1 4 6 3 4 1
  NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 2 1 1 1 - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - - - 1 - -
  KPC 6 7 4 5 5 5
  NDM 12 5 7 2 7 4
  OXA48 21 12 16 8 8 3
  VIM - 2 - 4 2 -
  Other 2 2 1 1 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - - 1 - 1
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Other klebsiella spp NDM 1 - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - 1 - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii VIM - 1 - - - -
  Other - - 1 - - -
Pantoea              
Pantoea agglomerans KPC 1 - - - - -
Pantoea septica NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis IMP 1 - - - - -
  NDM 1 - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
  Other 1 - 2 - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - - - 2 -
  OXA48 1 1 - - - -
Other serratia spp OXA48 - - - - 1 -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2023/51 2023/52 2024/01 2024/02 2024/03 2024/04
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - 1 - 1 1 -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM - - - 1 2 -
  VIM - 1 - - 1 -
  Other 2 1 1 1 2 3
Pseudomonas nitroreducens Other - 1 - - - -
Pseudomonas putida group VIM 1 - - - - -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Other              
  NDM - - 1 1 - 1
  OXA48 - - - 1 - 2