Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 40 (week ending 6 October 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • epatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/35 2024/36 2024/37 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus 1 - - 1 - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 19 27 19 31 17 10
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 106 100 104 86 103 59
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 47 66 51 42 27 48
Borrelia sp 6 13 8 11 2 5
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - 1 - 3 1
Brucella sp - 1 1 - 1 2
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 58 62 57 36 53 43
Campylobacter fetus - 1 - - - 2
Campylobacter jejuni 324 369 340 316 363 283
Campylobacter other named 1 2 2 - - 3
Campylobacter sp 1,103 1,281 1,268 1,168 1,196 1,299
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 2 1 - - -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 1 2 1 2 1 -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 2 - - 1 1 4
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 28 24 30 33 29 21
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 21 15 9 24 17 14
SARS coronavirus 1 - 2 - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 87 60 122 100 68 71
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - 2 - - 2 4
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,607 1,739 1,744 2,523 2,993 3,056
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 41 72 59 65 78 102
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 8 16 36 19 19 19
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 62 113 337 170 113 97
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 16 22 11 12 17 13
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 49 37 63 62 75 61
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 3 1 1 1 2
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 1 1 - - -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - - 3 - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus 1 2 1 1 - -
Cryptosporidium felis 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 22 38 28 38 32 15
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - - 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 68 67 48 72 60 24
Cryptosporidium sp 42 71 80 97 75 103
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica - 2 1 - 2 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 16 29 30 20 20 9
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 13 9 18 8 4 2
Giardia            
Giardia sp 97 143 149 120 121 107
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 62 47 39 35 43 58
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 12 24 28 29 33 33
Hepatitis B 234 296 298 301 306 317
Hepatitis C 255 249 277 270 283 271
Hepatitis D 4 7 10 9 8 10
Hepatitis E 18 34 45 26 38 43
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 219 219 240 334 393 450
Influenza B 14 18 23 40 65 71
Influenza indeterminate - 1 - 4 - -
Influenza ungrouped 5 8 5 6 10 4
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - - - - 1
Legionella pneumophila 15 6 7 9 10 7
Legionella sp 2 2 4 4 6 4
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - - 1 1 - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 3 2 8 9 2 3
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 71 96 110 75 73 80
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 12 12 24 16 13 21
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 6 17 19 11 11 5
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 33 29 22 18 19 12
Mumps virus 4 1 4 3 2 5
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 2 28 - - - -
Plasmodium ovale - 1 1 - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 45 60 64 55 73 46
Polyomavirus JC 5 15 10 7 10 8
Polyomavirus untyped 12 14 22 19 15 10
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia mooseri 1 - - - - -
Rickettsia prowazekii - - - 1 - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - 1 - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - - 1 - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 3 1 1 3 1 2
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 81 89 68 99 40 44
Salmonella agona - 6 - - - -
Salmonella bareilly - - 6 - - -
Salmonella blockley 18 20 7 5 - -
Salmonella braenderup - 6 - - - -
Salmonella chester - 6 7 - - -
Salmonella enterica - 5 - - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 116 124 140 116 37 38
Salmonella infantis - 7 9 - - -
Salmonella java 5 - 5 - - -
Salmonella kentucky - - 11 5 - -
Salmonella mikawasima - 9 8 6 - -
Salmonella newport 5 15 - 8 5 -
Salmonella oranienburg 5 - - - - -
Salmonella sp 30 51 76 72 180 255
Salmonella stanley - - 5 - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 17 14 29 39 37 18
Salmonella typhimurium 44 65 53 42 28 22
Salmonella enterica - - 10 10 5 6
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - - 1 2 - 1
Shigella dysenteriae 1 1 2 - - -
Shigella flexneri 16 21 17 16 18 14
Shigella sonnei 23 26 21 27 21 16
Shigella sp 60 75 89 99 84 74
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 65 69 65 45 42 41
Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 46 61 59 77 88
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 2 1 2 3 2

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/35 2024/36 2024/37 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - - - 1 3 -
  KPC 1 - 1 1 3 1
  NDM - 2 1 1 1 1
  OXA48 1 1 3 - - 1
  VIM - - - - 2 1
  Other - - 1 1 - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 2 6 2 2 1
  KPC 8 5 11 6 8 6
  NDM 4 4 11 5 10 6
  OXA48 4 7 4 4 2 3
  VIM - 1 - - - 1
  Other - - 2 2 - -
Enterobacter other named IMP 1 1 - - - -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - 2 - - - -
  NDM - 3 - - 1 -
  OXA48 1 1 - - - -
  VIM - 2 - - 1 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - 1 1 - 3 -
  KPC 4 8 1 4 5 -
  NDM 20 16 19 14 20 3
  OXA48 20 16 22 25 19 4
  Other 2 2 2 1 2 1
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 1 1 2 1 4 2
  NDM - - - - 2 -
  OXA48 - 3 2 1 - 1
  VIM - - 2 - - -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 6 5 2 2 2
  KPC 17 18 19 11 12 7
  NDM 16 7 7 9 11 4
  OXA48 9 13 11 12 6 2
  VIM 1 1 1 1 1 -
  Other 1 2 3 1 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 1 - - 1 - -
  VIM - - 2 - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Pantoea              
Pantoea septica KPC 1 - - - - 1
  NDM - - - - - 1
Pluralibacter              
Pluralibacter spp KPC - - 1 - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis IMP - - - - 1 -
  NDM 1 1 2 5 4 1
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
  VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other - - 1 1 1 -
Proteus vulgaris OXA48 1 - - - - -
Other proteus spp NDM 1 - - - - -
Providencia              
Providencia spp NDM - - - 1 - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica Other 1 - - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/35 2024/36 2024/37 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - 2 3 - 1 -
  Other 1 1 1 1 - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - - 1 - -
  NDM - 1 1 5 2 -
  VIM - 1 - - 1 1
  Other 1 1 3 1 3 -
Pseudomonas putida group VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Pseudomonas stutzeri group VIM 1 - - - - -
Other              
  KPC - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  VIM - 1 - - - -