Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 41 (week ending 13 October 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • epatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/36 2024/37 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40 2024/41
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus - - 1 - - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 27 19 31 17 10 23
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 100 105 86 103 61 52
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 66 51 42 28 50 31
Borrelia sp 13 8 11 1 5 10
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - 1 - 3 1 -
Brucella sp 1 1 - 1 2 -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 62 57 36 53 45 30
Campylobacter fetus 1 - - - 2 -
Campylobacter jejuni 370 341 318 366 313 317
Campylobacter other named 2 2 - - 3 2
Campylobacter rectus - - - - - 1
Campylobacter sp 1,282 1,272 1,170 1,198 1,276 1,280
Campylobacter upsaliensis 2 1 - - - 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 2 1 2 1 - 2
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus - - 1 2 4 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 24 30 33 29 21 31
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 15 9 24 17 14 25
SARS coronavirus - 2 - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 60 122 100 68 71 72
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 2 - - 2 4 2
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,740 1,745 2,524 2,995 3,037 3,613
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 72 59 65 78 104 95
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 16 36 19 19 19 18
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 113 337 170 113 97 118
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 22 11 12 17 13 21
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 37 63 62 75 61 54
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 3 1 1 1 2 2
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 1 - - - -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - 3 - - - 1
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus 2 1 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 38 28 38 32 23 15
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 67 48 72 62 41 12
Cryptosporidium sp 71 81 97 73 78 97
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 2 1 - 2 1 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 29 30 21 20 10 14
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 9 18 8 4 2 -
Giardia            
Giardia sp 143 149 121 122 107 118
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 47 39 35 43 58 47
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 24 28 30 33 33 28
Hepatitis B 295 298 303 308 331 255
Hepatitis C 249 278 273 289 281 240
Hepatitis D 7 10 9 8 10 9
Hepatitis E 34 45 26 38 46 31
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 219 240 334 393 450 510
Influenza B 18 23 40 65 71 56
Influenza indeterminate 1 - 4 - - -
Influenza ungrouped 8 5 7 10 4 12
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - - - 1 -
Legionella pneumophila 6 7 9 10 7 10
Legionella sp 2 4 4 6 4 4
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - 1 1 - - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 2 8 9 2 3 2
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 96 110 76 76 82 89
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 12 24 16 13 21 28
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 17 19 11 11 5 4
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 29 22 18 19 12 8
Mumps virus 1 4 3 2 5 7
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 28 - - - - 17
Plasmodium malariae - - - - - 1
Plasmodium ovale 1 1 - - - 1
Plasmodium vivax - - - - - 4
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 60 64 55 73 46 75
Polyomavirus JC 15 10 7 10 8 8
Polyomavirus untyped 14 22 19 15 10 18
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - - 1 - - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - - 1 - - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - 1 - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 1 3 1 2 1
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 89 69 108 71 51 20
Salmonella agona 6 - - - - -
Salmonella bareilly - 6 - - - -
Salmonella blockley 20 7 6 - - -
Salmonella braenderup 6 - - - - -
Salmonella chester 6 7 - - - -
Salmonella enterica 5 - - - - 5
Salmonella enteritidis 125 141 124 67 51 22
Salmonella infantis 7 9 - 6 - -
Salmonella java - 5 - - 6 -
Salmonella kentucky - 11 8 - 5 -
Salmonella mikawasima 9 8 6 - - -
Salmonella newport 15 - 9 6 - -
Salmonella poona - - - 5 - -
Salmonella sp 50 75 49 98 210 235
Salmonella stanley - 5 - - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 14 29 39 37 27 13
Salmonella typhimurium 66 53 43 36 26 10
Salmonella enterica - 10 10 5 7 8
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 1 2 - 1 -
Shigella dysenteriae 1 2 - - - -
Shigella flexneri 21 17 17 18 17 12
Shigella sonnei 26 22 30 23 20 20
Shigella sp 75 88 96 84 66 83
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 69 65 45 42 41 40
Streptococcus pneumoniae 46 61 59 78 88 112
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 2 1 2 3 2 2

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/36 2024/37 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40 2024/41
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - - 1 3 - -
  KPC - 1 1 3 2 -
  NDM 2 1 1 1 2 -
  OXA48 1 3 - - 4 -
  VIM - - - 2 2 -
  Other - 1 1 - - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 6 2 2 2 -
  KPC 5 11 7 8 7 3
  NDM 4 11 6 10 12 -
  OXA48 7 4 4 2 5 -
  VIM 1 - - - 1 -
  Other - 2 2 - 1 -
Enterobacter other named IMP 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 2 - - - 1 -
  NDM 3 - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
  VIM 2 - - 1 - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 1 1 - 4 - -
  KPC 8 1 4 5 - 2
  NDM 16 19 15 20 18 4
  OXA48 16 22 25 21 12 7
  VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other 2 2 1 2 3 -
Escherichia hermannii NDM - - - - 1 -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes NDM - - - 1 1 -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 1 2 1 4 2 -
  NDM - - - 2 - -
  OXA48 3 2 1 - 1 -
  VIM - 2 - - - -
  Other - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 6 6 2 3 4 -
  KPC 18 20 11 14 15 4
  NDM 7 8 9 13 5 5
  OXA48 13 11 12 7 6 2
  VIM 1 2 1 1 1 -
  Other 2 3 1 1 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - 1 - - - 1
  NDM - 1 - - - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - 1 - - -
  VIM - 2 - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Pantoea              
Pantoea septica KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM - - - - 1 -
Pluralibacter              
Pluralibacter spp KPC - 1 - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis IMP - - - 1 - -
  NDM 1 2 5 5 2 -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other - 1 1 1 - -
Providencia              
Providencia stuartii NDM - - - - 1 -
Other providencia spp NDM - - 1 - - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) OXA48 - - 1 - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/36 2024/37 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40 2024/41
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 2 3 1 1 - 1
  Other 1 1 1 - 1 -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - 1 - - -
  NDM 1 1 5 2 2 -
  VIM 1 - - 1 1 -
  Other 1 3 1 3 3 -
Pseudomonas putida group VIM - 1 - - - -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Other              
  KPC 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
  VIM 1 - - - - -