Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 42 (week ending 20 October 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • epatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/37 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40 2024/41 2024/42
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus - 1 - - - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 19 31 17 10 24 19
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 105 86 103 61 53 77
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 51 42 28 50 31 24
Borrelia sp 8 11 1 5 10 3
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis 1 - 3 1 - -
Brucella sp 1 - 1 2 - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 57 36 53 45 34 21
Campylobacter fetus - - - 2 - 2
Campylobacter jejuni 341 318 366 316 338 322
Campylobacter other named 2 - - 3 2 4
Campylobacter rectus - - - - 1 1
Campylobacter sp 1,272 1,171 1,198 1,277 1,267 1,184
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 - - - 1 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 1 2 1 - 2 1
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus - 1 2 4 1 4
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 30 33 29 21 31 31
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 9 24 17 14 25 15
Human coronavirus 229e - - - - - 1
SARS coronavirus 2 - - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 122 100 68 71 73 53
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - - 2 4 2 2
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,745 2,525 2,995 3,037 3,625 3,017
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 59 65 78 104 97 82
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 36 19 19 19 18 10
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 337 170 113 97 118 118
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 11 12 17 13 21 16
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 63 62 75 61 54 58
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 1 1 2 2 2
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 - - - - 1
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii 3 - - - 1 -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus 1 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 28 38 34 24 25 13
Cryptosporidium meleagridis 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 49 72 64 44 23 34
Cryptosporidium sp 80 98 69 74 76 82
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - - - 1 - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 1 2 3 1 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 30 21 20 12 16 7
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 18 8 5 1 2 6
Giardia            
Giardia sp 149 122 122 110 119 115
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 39 35 44 58 48 58
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 28 30 33 33 29 23
Hepatitis B 298 301 308 331 274 254
Hepatitis C 278 274 289 281 247 271
Hepatitis D 10 9 8 10 9 13
Hepatitis E 45 26 38 46 31 26
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 240 334 393 450 514 581
Influenza B 23 40 65 71 56 75
Influenza indeterminate - 4 - 4 - -
Influenza ungrouped 5 7 10 4 12 34
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - - 1 - -
Legionella pneumophila 7 9 10 7 10 10
Legionella sp 4 4 6 4 4 3
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans 1 1 - - - 1
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 8 9 2 3 2 2
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 110 77 93 90 96 68
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 24 16 14 21 28 34
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 19 11 11 5 4 3
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 22 18 19 12 8 12
Mumps virus 4 3 2 5 7 6
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - - - - 17 -
Plasmodium malariae - - - - 1 -
Plasmodium ovale 1 - - - 1 -
Plasmodium vivax - - - - 4 -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 64 55 73 46 75 60
Polyomavirus JC 10 7 10 8 8 4
Polyomavirus untyped 22 19 15 10 18 28
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii - 1 - - - -
Rickettsia spotted fever - 1 - - - 1
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - 1 - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 3 1 2 1 2
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 70 106 81 84 31 48
Salmonella agona - 5 5 - - -
Salmonella bareilly 6 - - - - -
Salmonella blockley 7 6 5 7 - -
Salmonella chester 7 - - - - -
Salmonella enterica - - - - 5 6
Salmonella enteritidis 143 125 92 105 38 36
Salmonella infantis 9 - 9 - - -
Salmonella java 5 - - 9 - -
Salmonella kentucky 11 8 - 10 - -
Salmonella mikawasima 8 6 - 7 - -
Salmonella newport - 9 6 6 - -
Salmonella poona - - 5 - - -
Salmonella sp 70 45 40 66 211 196
Salmonella stanley 5 - - - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 29 39 37 28 15 12
Salmonella typhimurium 55 44 46 46 13 21
Salmonella virchow - - - 7 - -
Salmonella enterica 10 10 5 7 8 -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 2 - 2 - 3
Shigella dysenteriae 2 - - - - -
Shigella flexneri 17 17 20 19 17 20
Shigella sonnei 22 30 26 24 28 20
Shigella sp 88 96 79 59 70 74
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 65 45 46 41 42 62
Streptococcus pneumoniae 61 59 80 89 111 105
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 1 3 3 3 2 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/37 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40 2024/41 2024/42
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - 1 3 1 - -
  KPC 1 1 3 2 1 -
  NDM 1 1 2 4 2 -
  OXA48 3 - - 4 2 -
  VIM - - 2 3 - -
  Other 1 1 - - - -
Cronobacter              
Cronobacter sakazakii KPC - - - - - 1
  NDM - - - - - 1
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 6 2 2 2 1 -
  KPC 11 8 8 7 3 4
  NDM 11 6 10 14 6 1
  OXA48 4 4 2 6 1 1
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other 2 2 - 1 1 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - - - 1 - -
  KPC - - - 1 - -
  NDM - - 1 1 2 -
  OXA48 - - 1 - 1 -
  VIM - - 1 - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 1 - 4 - - -
  KPC 1 4 5 1 3 1
  NDM 19 15 21 19 13 3
  OXA48 22 25 21 16 17 3
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other 2 1 2 3 2 1
Escherichia hermannii NDM - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes NDM - - 1 1 - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - - - - 2 -
  KPC 2 1 4 2 1 2
  NDM - - 2 - 4 -
  OXA48 2 1 - 1 1 -
  VIM 2 - - - - -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 6 2 3 5 1 -
  KPC 21 11 14 17 11 4
  NDM 9 9 15 6 11 3
  OXA48 11 12 9 9 11 1
  VIM 2 1 1 2 - -
  Other 3 1 1 1 1 1
Klebsiella variicola KPC 1 - - - 1 2
  NDM 1 - - - - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - 1 - - - -
  VIM 2 - - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 1 - - - 1 -
Pantoea              
Pantoea septica KPC - - - 1 - -
  NDM - - - 1 - -
Pluralibacter              
Pluralibacter spp KPC 1 - - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis IMP - - 1 - - -
  NDM 2 5 5 2 1 1
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other 1 1 1 1 1 1
Providencia              
Providencia stuartii NDM - - - 1 - -
Other providencia spp NDM - 1 - - - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) OXA48 - 1 - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/37 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40 2024/41 2024/42
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 3 1 1 - 1 -
  Other 1 1 - 1 - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - 1 - - 1 -
  NDM 1 5 2 3 - -
  VIM - - 1 1 1 -
  Other 3 1 3 4 3 1
Pseudomonas putida group VIM 1 - - - - -
Other              
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -