Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 43 (week ending 27 October 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • epatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40 2024/41 2024/42 2024/43
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus 1 - - - - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 31 17 10 24 19 8
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 86 104 61 53 77 51
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 43 28 51 31 25 37
Borrelia sp 11 1 5 10 3 8
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - 3 1 - - -
Brucella sp - 1 2 - - 2
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 36 53 45 34 26 28
Campylobacter fetus - - 2 - 2 -
Campylobacter jejuni 319 366 316 342 364 246
Campylobacter other named - - 3 2 4 -
Campylobacter rectus - - - 1 1 -
Campylobacter sp 1,170 1,198 1,277 1,264 1,145 959
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - - 1 1 -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 2 1 - 2 1 1
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 2 4 1 4 -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 33 29 21 31 32 23
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 24 17 14 25 15 29
Human coronavirus 229e - - - - 1 -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 100 68 71 73 53 75
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - 2 4 2 2 3
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 2,525 2,995 3,037 3,603 3,003 2,385
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 65 78 104 97 83 49
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 19 19 19 18 10 9
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 170 113 97 118 118 89
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 12 17 13 21 16 1
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 62 75 61 54 58 35
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 1 2 2 2 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans - - - - 1 -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - - - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 38 34 24 25 24 4
Cryptosporidium parvum 72 64 44 25 53 26
Cryptosporidium sp 98 69 74 74 52 94
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - - 1 - - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 2 3 1 1 -
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 21 21 14 16 11 6
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 8 5 1 2 6 8
Giardia            
Giardia sp 122 122 110 119 115 102
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 35 44 58 48 58 53
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 30 34 33 29 23 21
Hepatitis B 303 309 329 277 271 246
Hepatitis C 274 289 283 251 280 250
Hepatitis D 9 8 10 9 13 6
Hepatitis E 26 39 47 31 28 31
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 334 393 450 519 581 587
Influenza B 40 65 71 56 75 78
Influenza indeterminate 4 - 4 - - 8
Influenza ungrouped 7 10 4 12 34 29
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - 1 - - -
Legionella pneumophila 9 10 7 10 11 3
Legionella sp 4 6 4 4 3 1
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans 1 - - - 1 1
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 9 2 3 2 2 4
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 78 94 93 102 72 96
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 16 14 21 28 34 30
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 11 11 5 4 3 1
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 18 19 12 8 12 12
Mumps virus 3 2 5 7 6 1
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - - - 17 - -
Plasmodium malariae - - - 1 - -
Plasmodium ovale - - - 1 - -
Plasmodium vivax - - - 4 - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 55 73 46 75 57 66
Polyomavirus JC 7 10 8 8 4 9
Polyomavirus untyped 19 15 10 18 28 7
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia prowazekii 1 - - - - -
Rickettsia spotted fever 1 - - - 1 -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi 1 - - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 3 1 2 1 2 3
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 106 82 81 84 57 39
Salmonella agona 5 5 - - - -
Salmonella blockley 6 5 7 - - -
Salmonella braenderup - - 5 - - -
Salmonella enterica - - - 5 6 -
Salmonella enteritidis 126 97 114 97 54 23
Salmonella infantis - 9 - - - -
Salmonella java - - 10 - - -
Salmonella kentucky 9 - 10 - - -
Salmonella mikawasima 6 - 11 14 7 -
Salmonella newport 9 6 6 - - -
Salmonella poona - 5 - - - -
Salmonella sp 43 33 46 65 152 149
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 39 38 28 15 16 11
Salmonella typhimurium 44 46 50 30 27 22
Salmonella virchow - - 7 - - -
Salmonella enterica 10 5 7 11 - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 2 - 2 - 3 1
Shigella flexneri 17 20 19 21 23 8
Shigella sonnei 30 26 24 30 23 8
Shigella sp 96 79 59 64 68 59
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 45 46 41 42 62 28
Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 80 89 111 107 128
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 3 3 3 2 1 -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40 2024/41 2024/42 2024/43
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 3 1 - 1 -
  KPC 1 3 2 1 3 -
  NDM 1 2 4 2 1 -
  OXA48 - - 4 3 1 -
  VIM - 2 3 - - -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Cronobacter              
Cronobacter sakazakii KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM - - - - 1 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 2 2 2 1 3 2
  KPC 8 8 8 3 7 5
  NDM 6 10 14 6 7 4
  OXA48 4 2 6 2 3 3
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other 2 1 1 1 - 2
Other enterobacter spp IMP - - 1 - - -
  KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM - 1 1 2 1 -
  OXA48 - 1 - 1 - -
  VIM - 1 - - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - 4 - - - -
  KPC 4 5 1 3 3 3
  NDM 16 21 19 14 10 1
  OXA48 25 21 16 17 17 5
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other 1 2 3 2 2 -
Escherichia hermannii NDM - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes NDM - 1 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - - - 2 - -
  KPC 1 4 2 1 2 -
  NDM - 2 - 4 - -
  OXA48 1 - 1 1 1 -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 3 5 1 1 -
  KPC 12 14 17 11 12 7
  NDM 9 15 7 12 4 1
  OXA48 12 9 9 12 6 4
  VIM 1 1 2 - - -
  Other 1 1 1 1 2 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - - 1 2 -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 1 - 1 - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Pantoea              
Pantoea septica KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM - - 1 - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis IMP - 1 - - - -
  NDM 5 5 2 1 2 -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
  VIM - 1 - - - -
  Other 1 1 1 1 2 -
Providencia              
Providencia stuartii NDM - - 1 - - -
Other providencia spp NDM 1 - - - - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) OXA48 1 - - 1 - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - - - - 1

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/38 2024/39 2024/40 2024/41 2024/42 2024/43
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 1 1 - 1 - -
  Other 1 - 1 - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP 1 - - 1 - -
  NDM 5 2 3 - - -
  VIM - 2 1 1 1 -
  Other 1 3 4 3 1 2
Other pseudomonas spp Other - - - - 1 -
Other              
  OXA48 1 - - - - -