Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 46 (week ending 17 November 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/41 2024/42 2024/43 2024/44 2024/45 2024/46
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 24 19 8 13 12 21
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 53 77 52 53 39 27
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 31 26 37 50 39 18
Borrelia sp 10 3 8 2 5 5
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - - - 1 -
Brucella sp - - 2 - 5 1
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 34 27 34 56 44 28
Campylobacter fetus - 3 - - 2 1
Campylobacter jejuni 343 368 285 373 368 268
Campylobacter other named 2 4 - 1 5 -
Campylobacter rectus 1 1 - - - 1
Campylobacter sp 1,270 1,143 923 1,368 1,103 1,159
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 1 - - - -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 2 1 1 1 - 1
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 4 - - 1 -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 31 32 23 55 34 21
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 25 15 29 34 32 27
Human coronavirus 229e - 1 - 1 2 -
SARS coronavirus - - - - 1 -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 73 53 75 95 78 50
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 2 2 3 - 2 16
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 3,607 3,002 2,376 2,365 1,596 1,137
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 100 83 49 96 81 78
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 18 10 9 32 10 16
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 118 118 89 144 103 92
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 21 16 1 4 20 11
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 54 58 35 51 44 32
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 2 2 1 2 4 3
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 1 - - - -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium baileyi - - 1 - - -
Cryptosporidium cuniculus 1 - - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 27 27 32 36 28 7
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - - - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 28 63 53 57 49 16
Cryptosporidium sp 68 38 40 47 71 93
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - 1 - 1 - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 1 - - 1 4
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 18 13 9 12 13 8
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 2 6 8 2 5 5
Francisella            
Francisella tularensis - - - 1 - -
Giardia            
Giardia sp 119 116 102 128 98 90
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 48 58 55 69 79 70
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 29 25 21 17 10 17
Hepatitis B 285 276 260 357 253 277
Hepatitis C 248 283 263 351 257 255
Hepatitis D 9 13 6 11 6 9
Hepatitis E 31 28 35 45 33 35
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 519 581 590 1,455 822 1,059
Influenza B 56 75 78 144 81 109
Influenza indeterminate - - 8 - - -
Influenza ungrouped 12 34 29 24 16 20
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - - 1 - 1 -
Legionella pneumophila 10 11 3 15 8 7
Legionella sp 4 3 1 3 5 2
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - 1 1 - - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 2 2 4 14 7 4
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 107 81 107 99 106 73
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 28 34 31 33 49 47
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus positive 4 3 1 20 5 6
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 8 12 12 24 20 35
Mumps virus 7 6 1 8 2 6
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 17 - - - 10 -
Plasmodium malariae 1 - - - - -
Plasmodium ovale 1 - - - 2 -
Plasmodium vivax 4 - - - 2 -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 75 57 66 66 64 40
Polyomavirus JC 8 4 9 6 9 9
Polyomavirus untyped 18 28 7 22 16 22
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia spotted fever - 1 - 1 1 -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 2 3 4 - 2
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 91 85 74 64 39 32
Salmonella bovis-morbificans 5 - - - - -
Salmonella chester - - 7 - - -
Salmonella enterica 5 6 - - 6 -
Salmonella enteritidis 115 93 65 111 47 22
Salmonella infantis - 7 - 5 - -
Salmonella java - - 6 6 5 -
Salmonella mikawasima 15 18 10 24 5 -
Salmonella newport - 8 7 - 5 -
Salmonella sp 31 35 21 34 122 208
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 15 16 12 6 12 6
Salmonella typhimurium 34 43 41 32 27 12
Salmonella virchow - - - 5 - -
Slmonella enterica 11 5 - 10 5 -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 4 1 - 1 1
Shigella dysenteriae - - - 1 - -
Shigella flexneri 22 28 13 21 10 14
Shigella sonnei 31 25 13 34 21 19
Shigella sp 62 61 49 69 75 102
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 43 62 32 39 49 50
Streptococcus pneumoniae 111 107 129 138 140 107
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 2 1 1 1 3 2

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/41 2024/42 2024/43 2024/44 2024/45 2024/46
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 1 - 1 2 -
  KPC 1 3 1 - 1 1
  NDM 2 1 - 1 - 1
  OXA48 3 1 2 - 1 1
  VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other - - - - 1 -
Cronobacter              
Cronobacter sakazakii KPC - 1 - - - -
  NDM - 1 - - - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 2 3 8 1 2 3
  KPC 3 7 6 7 5 3
  NDM 6 8 11 8 4 4
  OXA48 2 3 6 4 2 2
  Other 1 - 3 1 1 1
Other enterobacter spp IMP - - - 1 2 -
  NDM 2 1 - - - -
  OXA48 1 - - 2 1 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 1 1 1 1 - -
  KPC 3 3 3 4 1 3
  NDM 17 15 13 11 17 5
  OXA48 17 20 30 18 21 8
  VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other 2 2 - 1 3 1
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - 1 -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP 2 - - 1 - -
  KPC 1 2 - 2 3 2
  NDM 4 - 1 1 - 1
  OXA48 1 1 2 3 1 2
  Other - - - - 2 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 1 3 3 2 - -
  KPC 11 15 14 10 12 5
  NDM 14 7 15 8 7 1
  OXA48 13 10 18 7 7 3
  VIM - - - - - 1
  Other 1 2 - 1 2 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC 1 2 - - - 1
Other klebsiella spp KPC - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - - 1 1 - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - - 1 - -
Other leclercia spp NDM - - - 1 - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Pantoea              
Pantoea septica KPC - - - 1 - -
  NDM - - - 1 - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - 2 2 - 1 -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
  Other 1 2 2 - 1 -
Providencia              
Providencia stuartii OXA48 - 1 - - - -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) OXA48 1 - - - - -
Other raoultella spp OXA48 - - - - - 1
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - 1 - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/41 2024/42 2024/43 2024/44 2024/45 2024/46
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 1 - 1 2 1 -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - - 1 - 2 -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP 1 - - - - -
  NDM - - 2 3 - -
  VIM 1 1 1 1 - -
  Other 3 1 5 3 1 1
Pseudomonas fluorescens group Other - - - 1 - -
Other pseudomonas spp Other - 1 - - - -
Other              
  OXA48 - - - - - 1