Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 50 (week ending 15 December 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/45 2024/46 2024/47 2024/48 2024/49 2024/50
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 14 21 25 21 14 14
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 39 28 31 48 27 22
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 40 18 34 26 24 29
Borrelia sp 5 5 6 1 11 4
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis 1 - 1 - - -
Brucella sp 7 1 - 4 - 4
Burkholderia            
Burkholderia pseudomallei - - 1 - - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 42 30 35 31 40 45
Campylobacter fetus 2 1 2 - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 393 332 358 310 251 263
Campylobacter other named 5 - 1 3 - 2
Campylobacter rectus - 1 - - 1 1
Campylobacter sp 1,122 1,127 1,019 929 984 846
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - - 1 - 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - 1 3 1 - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 - 2 - 1 3
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 33 21 25 38 46 38
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 30 27 42 37 68 89
Human coronavirus hku1 - - - - 1 -
SARS coronavirus 1 - - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 78 50 35 36 2 4
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 2 16 - - - 4
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 1,592 1,137 1,205 1,057 1,208 1,186
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 82 78 94 115 72 66
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 10 16 13 15 9 8
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 103 94 131 90 94 76
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 20 11 7 10 10 10
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 44 32 39 26 48 46
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 4 3 3 3 3 -
Corynebacterium ulcerans - - 1 1 - -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii 2 - - - - 1
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 33 16 4 8 6 2
Cryptosporidium parvum 67 30 26 42 52 16
Cryptosporidium sp 45 72 85 92 72 103
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - 1 - - - -
Ebola virus            
Ebola virus - - - - - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 4 2 4 - 2
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 14 11 9 21 14 4
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 5 5 8 7 5 5
Giardia            
Giardia sp 96 95 127 110 101 92
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 76 69 70 73 67 58
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 12 16 12 11 22 24
Hepatitis B 283 319 312 294 268 267
Hepatitis C 263 267 278 277 263 243
Hepatitis D 8 9 6 12 5 9
Hepatitis E 34 35 33 31 38 37
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 836 1,083 1,863 3,301 5,637 7,864
Influenza B 77 111 122 155 233 369
Influenza indeterminate - - 2 2 7 4
Influenza ungrouped 16 20 39 96 179 226
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae 1 - - 1 - -
Legionella pneumophila 7 7 3 5 6 8
Legionella sp 5 2 2 1 1 2
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 5 3 2 4 1 2
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 120 81 82 91 75 80
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 51 47 38 41 26 33
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus positive 5 5 9 24 7 6
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 20 34 18 31 29 22
Mumps virus 2 5 3 7 3 12
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 10 - - - - -
Plasmodium malariae - - - 1 - -
Plasmodium ovale 2 - - - - -
Plasmodium vivax 2 - - - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 64 40 60 54 59 64
Polyomavirus JC 9 9 7 8 8 3
Polyomavirus untyped 16 22 7 20 13 22
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia sp - - 1 1 - -
Rickettsia spotted fever 1 - 2 - 1 -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus - 2 4 - 3 5
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 72 66 72 57 56 20
Salmonella agona - - - 6 - -
Salmonella bareilly - - - - 5 -
Salmonella enterica 6 - - - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 79 92 59 43 22 8
Salmonella java 6 12 - - - -
Salmonella kentucky - 5 - - 5 -
Salmonella mikawasima 9 5 - - - -
Salmonella newport 11 10 12 12 - -
Salmonella panama 6 5 - - - -
Salmonella sp 22 36 20 20 80 114
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 12 6 8 11 16 8
Salmonella typhimurium 42 29 43 27 20 14
Salmonella enterica 5 6 - - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 1 1 - - 1
Shigella flexneri 15 26 26 10 19 9
Shigella sonnei 23 27 34 17 23 14
Shigella sp 70 75 69 46 66 44
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 50 52 42 49 59 57
Streptococcus pneumoniae 138 110 129 156 185 183
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 4 2 - 4 - 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/45 2024/46 2024/47 2024/48 2024/49 2024/50
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 2 2 1 - 2 -
  KPC 2 1 - - 1 -
  NDM - 3 1 - 2 -
  OXA48 1 1 3 2 1 -
  VIM 1 - - 1 - -
  Other 1 - 1 - - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 7 6 1 2 -
  KPC 5 6 4 3 4 -
  NDM 4 14 3 7 3 2
  OXA48 2 5 5 1 2 -
  VIM - - 1 - - -
  Other 1 3 - - - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 2 2 - - - -
  NDM - 1 1 1 - -
  OXA48 1 1 - 1 - -
  VIM - - - 1 - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - - 4 - 2 -
  KPC 1 5 2 4 1 1
  NDM 18 11 11 10 9 9
  OXA48 23 18 23 19 12 6
  VIM 1 - - - - -
  Other 3 1 3 - - 3
Escherichia vulneris KPC - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes IMP - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 1 - 1 1 1 -
  Other - - 1 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - - - 1 - -
  KPC 3 3 1 2 2 1
  NDM - 1 - - 1 -
  OXA48 1 3 2 2 - -
  VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other 2 - - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - 2 - 2 - -
  KPC 14 15 6 14 9 3
  NDM 7 8 4 7 7 2
  OXA48 7 10 8 13 10 1
  VIM 1 1 - - - 1
  Other 2 1 - 2 - 1
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp ozenae OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - 1 1 - - -
  NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Other klebsiella spp KPC - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - 1 1 - 1 -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii KPC - 1 - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 1 1 5 3 1 -
  Other 1 - 2 1 1 -
Providencia              
Providencia stuartii Other - 1 - - - -
Raoultella              
Raoultella spp KPC - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - 1 - - 1 -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - - 2 - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/45 2024/46 2024/47 2024/48 2024/49 2024/50
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 1 - 1 1 1 -
  Other - - - - 1 -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM 2 - 1 - 1 -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM 1 - - - 2 -
  VIM - 2 - - 1 -
  Other 1 3 1 1 1 1
Pseudomonas fluorescens group Other - - - - 1 -
Other pseudomonas spp VIM - 1 - - - -
Other              
  KPC - - 1 - - 1
  NDM - 1 - - 1 -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -