Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 6 (week ending 11 February 2024)

Updated 23 December 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox (monkeypox) virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/01 2024/02 2024/03 2024/04 2024/05 2024/06
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - - - - - 1
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 16 10 23 21 19 14
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 26 37 58 68 75 107
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 9 15 8 13 21 12
Borrelia sp - 3 7 4 4 2
Brucella            
Brucella sp 1 - - - - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 15 27 24 13 15 15
Campylobacter fetus - 1 1 - - -
Campylobacter jejuni 155 175 266 201 195 196
Campylobacter other named 3 - 1 - - 1
Campylobacter sp 658 592 927 765 741 861
Campylobacter upsaliensis - 4 - - 3 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - - 2 - - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus - - - - 2 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 40 12 38 28 40 38
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 72 65 106 197 233 233
Human coronavirus 229e 8 - 5 2 3 3
Human coronavirus hku1 - 3 1 3 5 3
SARS coronavirus - 1 - - 1 -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 170 111 189 239 175 131
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - - 1 2 - 2
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 7,626 4,742 6,671 5,617 4,542 4,016
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 141 80 98 119 89 67
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 25 23 30 24 20 36
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 107 105 189 148 180 151
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 43 27 32 22 32 34
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 130 82 133 125 103 117
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 2 2 3 1 1 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 1 - - 1 -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 7 4 3 2 - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 5 8 4 8 5 -
Cryptosporidium sp 67 51 96 48 68 55
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica - 1 4 2 1 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 7 4 5 4 1 2
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 5 6 2 7 6 3
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 76 54 98 67 81 60
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 19 12 14 19 28 22
Hepatitis B 258 257 398 375 313 339
Hepatitis C 172 208 299 252 231 225
Hepatitis D 7 7 7 4 9 11
Hepatitis E 20 29 47 19 35 33
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 3,843 2,391 5,603 5,921 5,319 4,749
Influenza B 151 115 1239 365 300 381
Influenza indeterminate 1 3 3 14 6 -
Influenza ungrouped 124 66 84 122 126 285
Legionella            
Legionella other named - - 1 - - -
Legionella pneumophila 1 1 3 11 3 3
Legionella sp 2 - 1 - 2 1
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - - 1 1 - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 5 - - 3 2 10
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 67 74 93 73 73 77
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 31 48 42 34 31 31
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 1 1 4 - 2 4
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 44 69 51 45 52 48
Mumps virus 8 8 7 15 6 11
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - 6 1 1 - -
Plasmodium ovale - - - - 1 -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 34 49 80 45 62 38
Polyomavirus JC 10 7 7 7 8 6
Polyomavirus untyped 12 14 22 20 14 12
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia spotted fever - 1 - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus - - 3 3 7 1
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 34 56 60 46 26 10
Salmonella agona 8 - - - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 20 17 26 15 11 10
Salmonella sp 7 7 23 25 74 81
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 17 16 20 14 15 13
Salmonella typhimurium 23 27 35 31 14 12
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 2 3 1 - 1
Shigella dysenteriae - 1 - - 1 -
Shigella flexneri 17 19 16 10 17 11
Shigella sonnei 21 10 34 23 19 25
Shigella sp 30 33 59 45 54 68
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 90 74 89 85 70 78
Streptococcus pneumoniae 251 135 139 115 168 185
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 3 - - - - -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/01 2024/02 2024/03 2024/04 2024/05 2024/06
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - 1 1 - 2 -
  KPC 1 - 1 1 - -
  NDM - 1 1 4 2 -
  OXA48 1 2 3 7 4 -
  VIM - 1 - - - -
  Other - - - 1 1 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 1 1 - 3 -
  KPC 3 - 5 4 2 3
  NDM 3 5 1 8 5 2
  OXA48 3 5 4 5 4 1
  Other 1 1 1 1 - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - - - 1 - -
  KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM 1 1 - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 1 - 1 - -
  VIM 1 1 - - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - - - - 1 -
  KPC 5 3 3 1 1 3
  NDM 17 14 18 14 16 5
  OXA48 15 16 19 17 13 9
  VIM - 1 - - 1 -
  Other - 1 1 1 2 -
Escherichia hermannii KPC - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 6 4 4 1 1 2
  NDM - - 1 1 - -
  OXA48 1 1 - 3 2 -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - 1 - - 1 -
  KPC 4 5 5 10 1 4
  NDM 7 2 8 11 3 3
  OXA48 16 8 8 10 6 6
  VIM - 4 2 1 1 -
  Other 1 1 1 1 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - 1 - 1 - -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Other klebsiella spp NDM - 1 - - - -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC 1 - - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - - - 1 1 -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Pantoea              
Pantoea septica NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 1 - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
  Other 2 - - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - 2 1 - -
  Other - - - - - 1
Other serratia spp OXA48 - - 1 - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/01 2024/02 2024/03 2024/04 2024/05 2024/06
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - 1 1 - - 2
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - - - 1 -
  NDM - 1 2 - 3 -
  VIM - - 1 - 2 -
  Other 1 1 2 1 3 -
Other              
  NDM 1 1 - 1 - -
  OXA48 - 1 1 2 - -