Accredited official statistics

Monthly UK statistics on cattle, sheep and pig slaughter and meat production – September 2023 (published 12 October 2023)

Updated 15 February 2024

Following a quality assurance exercise, from April 2023 livestock numbers will be obtained from Food Standards Agency (FSA) administrative data. Data from Defra’s slaughterhouse survey will be used to collect weights of meat produced and to apportion FSA data into livestock categories.

1. Key messages.

• UK prime cattle (steers, heifers and young bulls) slaughterings in September 2023 were down 1.0% on September 2022 at 161,000 head. Beef and veal production was 71,000 tonnes, 2.5% lower than in September 2022.

• UK clean sheep slaughterings were down 3.6% on September 2022 at 994,000 head. Mutton and lamb production was 23,000 tonnes, 4.4% lower than in September 2022.

• UK clean pig slaughterings were down 11% on September 2022 at 780,000 head. Pigmeat production was 73,000 tonnes, 10.2% lower than in September 2022.

2. Livestock slaughtered

2.1 Monthly numbers of home killed livestock slaughtered

Table 2.1 shows monthly estimates of the number of home killed cattle, sheep and pigs, slaughtered as meat for human consumption in UK abattoirs.

Table 2.1: United Kingdom monthly numbers of livestock slaughtered (Thousand head)

	Sep 22	Jul 23	Aug 23	Sep 23	yr on yr
	30 days	31 days	31 days	30 days	% change
Steers	84	79	83	85	0.7%
Heifers	63	62	65	62	-2.0%
Young Bulls	16	19	19	15	-5.4%
Cows and Adult Bulls	53	50	52	50	-5.4%
Calves	10	9	9	9	-13%
Clean Sheep	1031	909	1037	994	-3.6%
Ewes and Rams	143	137	152	146	2.1%
Clean Pigs	878	789	875	780	-11%
Sows and Boars	23	21	24	21	-6.8%

2.2 Average weekly number of home killed livestock slaughtered

Table 2.2 shows the average weekly slaughter figures for the last three months and the previous year’s current month for comparison. The monthly slaughter figures in section one are affected by the number of days in the survey period. To get a clearer measure of trends weekly averages are calculated using the number of livestock slaughtered and the number of days in each period. Longer term trends can be seen in Figures 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3, following this table.

Table 2.2: United Kingdom average weekly numbers of livestock slaughtered (Thousand head)

	Sep 22	Jul 23	Aug 23	Sep 23
Steers	20	18	19	20
Heifers	15	14	15	14
Young Bulls	4	4	4	3
Cows and Adult Bulls	12	11	12	12
Calves	2	2	2	2
Clean Sheep	241	205	234	232
Ewes and Rams	33	31	34	34
Clean Pigs	205	178	198	182
Sows and Boars	5	5	5	5

Figure 2:1 United Kingdom average weekly numbers of cattle slaughtered

Figure 2:2 United Kingdom average weekly numbers of sheep slaughtered

Figure 2:3 United Kingdom average weekly numbers of pigs slaughtered

2.3 Monthly numbers of home killed livestock slaughtered by country

Table 2.3 shows monthly estimates of the number of cattle, sheep and pigs slaughtered for meat in England and Wales, Scotland, Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Table 2.3: United Kingdom monthly numbers of livestock slaughtered by country (Thousand head)

England & Wales	Jul 23	Aug 23	Sep 23
	31 days	31 days	30 days
Steers	53	54	54
Heifers	41	41	41
Young Bulls	10	10	10
Cows and Adult Bulls	35	35	35
Calves	8	8	8
Clean Sheep	803	894	867
Ewes and Rams	133	147	141
Clean Pigs	622	696	639
Sows and Boars	20	22	20

Scotland	Jul 23	Aug 23	Sep 23
	31 days	31 days	30 days
Steers	14	17	16
Heifers	11	14	12
Young Bulls	4	4	2
Cows and Adult Bulls	5	6	6
Calves	0	0	0
Clean Sheep	66	96	86
Ewes and Rams	2	2	2
Clean Pigs	18	20	12
Sows and Boars	1	2	1

Great Britain	Jul 23	Aug 23	Sep 23
	31 days	31 days	30 days
Steers	67	70	70
Heifers	52	55	53
Young Bulls	15	14	12
Cows and Adult Bulls	40	41	41
Calves	8	8	8
Clean Sheep	869	990	953
Ewes and Rams	135	150	143
Clean Pigs	640	716	651
Sows and Boars	21	24	21

Northern Ireland	Jul 23	Aug 23	Sep 23
	31 days	31 days	30 days
Steers	12	13	15
Heifers	10	11	9
Young Bulls	5	5	3
Cows and Adult Bulls	10	10	9
Calves	0	1	0
Clean Sheep	40	47	40
Ewes and Rams	2	2	2
Clean Pigs	149	159	129
Sows and Boars	0	0	0

3. Average dressed carcase weights

3.1 Monthly average dressed carcase weights for cattle, sheep, and pigs

Table 3.1 shows the monthly average dressed carcase weight (DCW) of livestock slaughtered for meat for human consumption in the United Kingdom.

Table 3.1 United Kingdom average dressed carcase weights (Kilogrammes)

	Jun 23	Jul 23	Aug 23	Sep 23
Steers	356.2	356.6	357.0	353.5
Heifers	322.2	321.9	317.2	319.2
Young Bulls	358.6	359.0	356.1	352.6
Cows and Adult Bulls	314.8	310.4	305.3	305.7
Calves	87.5	81.6	77.6	69.4
Clean Sheep	19.6	19.5	19.6	19.6
Ewes and Rams	28.4	28.4	27.1	21.8
Clean Pigs	88.3	88.2	89.3	89.7
Sows and Boars	145.4	140.9	142.1	142.5

The dressed carcase weight of calves varies significantly depending on the age of the calves.

4. Home killed meat production

4.1 Monthly volumes of home killed meat production

Table 4.1 shows the monthly volumes of meat produced in UK abattoirs.

Table 4.1: United Kingdom monthly volumes of meat production (Thousand tonnes)

	Sep 22	Jul 23	Aug 23	Sep 23	yr on yr
	30 days	31 days	31 days	30 days	% change
Beef	73	71	74	71	-2.5%
Mutton and Lamb	24	22	24	23	-4.4%
Pigmeat	81	72	81	73	-10%

5. About these statistics

5.1 Methodology

Following a quality assurance exercise, livestock numbers from April 2023 will be obtained from Food Standards Agency (FSA) administrative data. The FSA data provides complete monthly coverage of slaughterhouse throughput in England and Wales.

Defra runs monthly slaughterhouse surveys that collects information on livestock slaughter numbers and weight of meat produced by category. These data are used to apportion FSA data into livestock categories and for quality assurance purposes. The survey goes to all major slaughterhouses and survey response is typically around 90%.

Similar surveys are run by RESAS in Scotland and by DAERA in Northern Ireland. Scottish statistics on livestock slaughterings are available in [the Economic Report on Scottish Agriculture at the Economic Report on Scottish Agriculture webpage from Scottish government (Tables A5 and A6). This website also contains contact details and more information. Northern Ireland results are available at the Northern Ireland cattle sheep slaughterings webpage and Northern Ireland pig slaughterings webpage.

Information on the weight of meat produced from a sample of animals weighed at slaughterhouses is obtained from survey respondents. From the information provided average dressed carcase weights for each animal type are primarily calculated by adding up the total weight of the meat produced and dividing by the number of animals weighed. Cold dressed carcase weights are recorded.

The volume of meat production is estimated from the number of all livestock slaughtered and average dressed carcase weight information collected. This total ‘Home killed’ production includes livestock imported into the United Kingdom for slaughter.

With effect from February 2016 the statistics published in this notice are based on calendar rather than statistical months. This change simplifies our survey processes and brings our slaughter survey in line with our milk surveys which are already run on a calendar month basis; it also removes the need for the 53 week year (which would have to be 2016). Since the end of weekly slaughter survey several years ago, there is no legislative requirement for weekly data, so since then we have derived the average weekly throughput from the monthly survey data.

The January 2016 data will include the last week of December 2015 and therefore be classed as a 5 week month. From 1st February 2016 onwards the statistics are based on calendar months.

We have carried out a review of the methodology for calculating the dressed carcase weights in order to align with UK specifications. Some slaughterhouses provide Cattle Dressed Carcase Weights (DCW) including Kidney Knob and Channel Fat (KKCF); some slaughterhouses provide pig weights at EC specification. From September 2019 cattle DCWs are calculated to UK specification which excludes KKCF; Pigs are dressed to UK specification.

To calculate the DCW of animals by category:

• If the slaughterhouse includes KKCF in the total weight, a deduction of 3.9% occurs. This aligns to the UK DCW specification.

• Link to beef carcase classification scheme webpage

• If pigs are dressed to EC specification then an increase of 1.6% to the DCW occurs to align with UK specification.
• Link to pig carcase grade scheme webpage

Some slaughterhouses specialise for niche markets. These slaughterhouses are treated separately so their DCW are not used to raise the data for those slaughterhouses who do not provide DCW data.

Data have been revised to January 2018 using the new methodology. If you have any questions or comments, please contact us at [email protected]

5.2 Revisions

5.2.1 Revision – April 2023

From April 2023 we have revised our livestock numbers across all categories from January 2021 to March 2023. The updated figures have been included in the accompanying dataset.

This revision is due to an issue identified in our previous methodology for calculating slaughter numbers. Due to the method of processing the monthly figures, subsequent updates to the slaughter numbers from the Food Standards Agency were not captured and there was underestimation of slaughter numbers in some categories. We have revised the data from January 2021 to March 2023 to capture these updated figures. Further we have revised our livestock categories ratios based on previous year’s survey data for data accuracy purposes.

Due to the change in methodology comparisons with previous years will not be possible.

If you have any questions or comments, please contact us at [email protected]

5.2.2 Revision Policy

Figures in this notice are provisional and subject to revision. We will provide information about any revisions we make to previously published information in this statistics notice and the associated datasets. Revisions could occur for various reasons, including:

• if we have not received survey data from respondents we make an estimate based on their previous returns. These estimates will be replaced with actual survey data when it is received.

• survey respondents occasionally supply amended figures for previous periods.

• FSA administrative data can be revised up to two months after production. We will include any revised data in the subsequent publication releases.

5.3 Data users

The livestock industry is a major user of the data, including divisions of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB). AHDB Pork (formally known as BPEX, representing the English pig industry) and AHDB Beef and Lamb (formerly EBLEX, representing the English beef and sheep industry). Industry users rely heavily on the numbers of slaughterings and meat production to assess the current state of the industry and predict the available supplies of meat for the coming year. This, in turn, can affect meat prices and trade decisions on levels of imports and exports to maintain supply. Users have always been very keen for the slaughtering statistics to be produced as quickly as possible so that the data is still relevant. For this reason, we collect and publish these statistics to a very tight timetable, publishing within three weeks of the survey date. The “Market Intelligence” and “Market Outlook” Reports on the AHDB Beef and Lamb website refer consistently to our statistics at the AHDB Beef and lamb webpage The AHDB Pork site provides more in-depth analysis of pigmeat production statistics at the AHDB pigmeat production webpage.

6. Definitions

• Steers (or Bullocks): Castrated males over 1 year old, raised for beef.

• Heifers: Female animals that have not calved. Over 1 year old, raised for beef.

• Young bulls: Non-castrated young males, raised for beef, generally slaughtered around 13 months old.

• Prime cattle: All those raised specifically for beef production. Total of Steers + Heifers + Young Bulls.

• Breeding bulls: Older cull males, previously used for breeding

• Cows: Older cull females, previously used for breeding

• Calves: All bovine animals aged 1 year old or younger. Prior to May 2014, the definition was “animals weighing less than 165kg”.

7. National Statistics status

National Statistics are produced to high professional standards. They undergo regular quality assurance reviews to ensure that they meet customer needs. They are produced free from any political interference.

The continued designation of these statistics as National Statistics was confirmed in 2014 following a compliance check by the UK Statistics Authority (now the Office for Statistics Regulation) against the Code of Practice for Statistics.

Since the last review of these statistics in 2014, we have continued to comply with the Code of Practice for Statistics, and have made improvements including: - Providing a detailed breakdown of livestock categories following user feedback - Improved the data quality by updating guidance for data providers and carrying out enhanced validation checks on data received

For general enquiries about National Statistics, contact the National Statistics Public Enquiry Service:

Tel: 0845 601 3034 Email: [email protected].

You can find National Statistics on the internet at the UK government statistics webpage.

8. Future publications

This notice will be updated at 09:30 on Thursday 16th November 2023. Additional time series which include weekly slaughter averages, production and trade data can be found at the the UK government livestock statistics web page.

Enquiries to: Livestock statistics team, Tel: +44 (0) 208 026 6306

Email: [email protected]

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